TRIGLYCERIDES AND FATTY ACIDS 141 



the fifteenth daJ^ By the twenty-first day, a A'alue of 0.24 g. was obtained. 

 The deleterious effect of large doses of sodium bicarbonate on ketone 

 body excretion probably accounts for the high level of acetonuria in a sub- 

 ject investigated by Weiland.^'* This patient, who received green vege- 

 tables, 200 g. of meat, and 120 g. of sodium bicarbonate daily, had a com- 

 bined acetone and /3-hydroxybutyrate excretion over the four days of 

 observation of 105.2, 80.2, 121.0, and 103.8 g. 



(d) Pancreatic Diabetes and Alloxan Diabetes. Allard^^'* found that 

 depancreatized dogs developed a considerable acidosis, together with excre- 

 tion of acetone bodies; they died in coma. 



Alloxan, a substance which can be readily synthesized in the laboratory 

 from uric acid, produces an experimental type of diabetes^^"*^^ which is 

 closely related to that following pancreatectomy. Dunn and co-workers^^"-^^^ 

 demonstrated that this drug causes a specific degeneration of the islands of 

 Langerhans of the pancreas, without e^ddent injury to other organs or 

 glands, except for an early tubular nephritis.^®" According to Banerjee 

 and Bhattacharj^a,^^- acetonuria reaches a maximum one week after the 

 injection of alloxan into rabbits. Acetonuria is not related to the level of 

 glycosuria. The diabetogenic action of alloxan may be prevented by the 

 injection of glutathione, which accelerates the destruction of alloxan in the 

 blood ;^^^ moreover, animals such as the guinea pig whose blood has a 

 high glutathione content are more resistant to alloxan than are other ani- 

 mals. ^^•*~*^^ In 1948, Lukens ^^^ reviewed the subject of alloxan diabetes. 



(e) Phlorhizin Diabetes. It is well known that, during fasting in phlo- 

 rhizin glycosuria, carbohj^drates are not oxidized, and that an acidotic condi- 

 tion resembUng diabetes mellitus obtains. However, when carbohydrate 



352 H. R. Geyelin and E. F. DuBois, /. Am. Med. Assoc, 66, 1532-1534 (1916). 



353 W. Weiland, Z. exptl. Pathol. Therap., 12, 116-151 (1913). 



35^ E. AUard, Naunijn-Schmiedeberg's Arch, exptl. Pathol. Phannakol., 59, 391-396 

 (1908). 



355 C. C. Bailey and O. T. Bailev, /. Am. Med. Assoc, 122, 1165-1166 (1943). 



356 J. S. Dunn and N. G. B. McLetchie, Lancet, 1943, II, 384-386. 



357 M. G. Goldner and G. Gomori, Endocrinology, 33, 297-308 (1943). 



358 R. CarrascoFormiguera, /. Lah. Clin. Med., 29, 510-517 (1944). 



359 J. A. Ruben and K. Y. Yardumian, Science, 103, 220-221 (1946). 



3«> J. S. Dunn, H. L. Sheehan, and X. G. B. :\IcLetchie, Lancet, 1943, 1, 484-487. 

 361 J. S. Dunn, J. Kirkpatrick, X. G. B. McLetchie, and S. V. Telfer, J. Pathol. Bacteriol 

 .55,245-257(1943). 



36* S. Banerjee and G. Bhattacharya, /. Biol. Chem., 178, 145-149 (1949). 



363 A. Lazarow, Proc Soc Exptl. Biol. Med., 61, 441-447 (1946). 



36* E. S. West and D. M. Highet, Proc Soc Exptl. Biol. Med., 68, 60-62 (1948). 



365 M. G. Goldner, Bull. N. Y. Acad. Med., 21, 44-45 (1945). 



366 M. Griffiths, Australian J. Exptl. Biol. Med. Sci., 26, 339-346 (1948). 

 36' F. D. W. Lukens, Physiol. Revs., 28, 304-330 (1948). 



