TRIGLYCERIDES AND FATTY ACIDS 147 



Although, in general, such species variations are valid, there are many 

 conditions in which ketonuria becomes an important problem in the latter 

 group of animals. The most complete review on the subject of ketosis in 

 domestic animals is that of Sampson. ^^^ 



a'. Ketosis in Cattle : It is becoming apparent that, among the domes- 

 tic animals, the ruminants are especially susceptible to ketosis. Informa- 

 tion now available indicates that cattle, sheep, and goats readily develop 

 ketonuria. Nothing is known at present about the susceptibihty of the 

 camel or of members of the deer family to ketosis but, according to Samp- 

 son, *^^ it will be no surprise if future studies reveal both experimental and 

 spontaneous ketonuria in these ruminants, especially under circumstances 

 which produce this condition in cows and ewes. Practically all reports of 

 ketonuria in ruminants are concerned with the development of this condi- 

 tion in the female, where it is associated with lactation or with pregnancy, 

 no reports of spontaneous ketosis in male ruminants are known to the author. 



The nervous form of ketosis or acetonemia in cows is a disease which has 

 been recognized for over a century, but the causative factor has only recently 

 been understood. According to Udall,^^'' Landel described this condition 

 as early as 1849, at which time he classified it under the name of "mania 

 puerperalis." Other early reports of this disease in cows are cited in the 

 textbook of Fleming*^^ published in 1879. The occurrence of acetonemia 

 in cattle as the most prominent symptom of this disease was first recognized 

 by Sjollema and van der Zande^^^ in Holland in 1923. Five years later, 

 Hupka^°" suggested that it was, in all probability, a common cattle disease 

 in Germany. In the United States, acetonemia in cattle was first described 

 by Truax^oi in Iowa (1930), and by Hayes^o^ ^j^ Xexas (1931). Since that 

 time, the incidence of this condition has been noted in many locations in 

 the United States and in a numl^er of European countries. For a more 

 complete discussion of the distribution of acetonemia in cattle, the reader 

 is referred to the report by Sampson. ^^^ 



^^^ J. Sampson, "Ketosis in Domestic Animals," Univ. Illinois, Agr. Expt. Sta., Bull. 

 No. 524, 407-470 (1947). 



3«" D. H. Udall, The Practice of Veterinary Medicine, 4th ed., Udall, Ithaca, N. Y., 

 1943; cited by J. Sampson "Ketosis in Domestic Animals," Univ. Illinois, Agr. Expt. 

 Sta., Bull. No. .524, 1947, p. 411. 



3SS G. Fleming, A Textbook of Veterinary Ob.sletrics, Cogswell, New York, 1879, pp. 

 C87-689; cited by J. Sampson, Univ. Illinois, Agr. Expt. Sta., Bull. No. 524, 1947, p. 411. 



"9 B. Sjollema"^and J. E. van der Zande, J. Metabolic Research, 4, 525-533 (1923). 



^0 E. Hiipka, Deut. tierarztl. Wochschr., 36, Special No., 98-101 (1928); also cited by 

 J. Sampson, Univ. Illinois, Agr. Expt. Sta., Bull. No. 524, 1947, pp. 417, 419. 



^'i E. R. Truax, Fort Dodge Biochem. Rev., 1, 5-7 (1930); cited by J. Sampson, Univ. 

 Illinois, Agr. Expt. Sta., Bull. No. 524, 1947, p. 41G. 



«2 W. F. Hayes, North Am. Veterinarian, 12, No. S, 31-33 (March 1931). 



