STORAGE OF CAROTENOIDS AND OF VITAMINS A 533 



Table 3 (Continued) 



Reference 

 Empirical AU-trans-ff- 



Derivative formula carotene = 100 



Echinenone Strongylocentrotus purpiiratus (purple sea- 

 urchin), and S. franciscanus (rod California sea- 

 urchin) C4oH68(±H2) aj; ak; al, 54% 



" A. Polgdr and L. Zechmeister, /. Am. Chem. Soc, 65, 1528-1534 (1943). 



'' W. H. Sebrell, Jr., and R. S. Harris, The Vitamins, vol. I, Academic Press, New 

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"= P. Karrer and E. Jucker, Helv. Chim. Acta, 28, 427-436 (1945). 



•^ P. Karrer and E. Jucker, Helv. Chim. Ada, 28, 471-473 (1945). 



« P. Karrer, Helv. Chim. Acta, 28, 474-475 (1945); P. Karrer, E. Jucker, J. Rutsch- 

 mann, and K. Steinlin, Ibid., 1146-1156 (1945). 



■'■ P. Karrer, Fortschr. Chem. org. Natnrstoffe, 5, 1-19 (1948). 



" P. Karrer and E. Jucker, Helv. Chim. Acta, 30, 536-537 (1947). 



'• P. Karrer and E. Jucker, Helv. Chim. Acta, 28, 717-723 (1945). 



^ P. Karrer, E. Jucker, and K. Steinlin, Helv. Chim. Acta, 30, 531-535 (1947). 



' P. Karrer and E. Jucker, Carotinoide, Birkhauser, Basel, 1948. 



«= H. V. Euler, P. Karrer, and O. Walker, Helv. Chim. Acta, 15, 1507-1510 (1932). 



' R. Kuhn and H. Brockmann, Ber., 67, 1408-1409 (1934). 



"• R. Kuhn and H. Brockmann, Ann., 516, 95-143 (1935). 



" R. Kuhn and H. Brockmann, Ber., 66, 1319-1326 (1933). 



" R. Kuhn and H. Brockmann, Ber., 65, 894-898 (1932). 



p P. Karrer and U. Solmssen, Helv. Chim. Acta, 20, 682-690 (1937). 



' P. Karrer, A. Riiegger, and A. Geiger, Helv. Chim. Acta, 21, 1171-1174 (1938). 



■■ H. V. Euler, P. Karrer, and U. Solmssen, Helv. Chim. Acta, 21, 211-222 (1938). 



' P. Karrer, U. Solmssen, and O. Walker, Helv. Chim. Acta, 17, 417-419 (1934); P. 

 Karrer, H. v. Euler, and U. Solmssen, Ibid., 1169-1172 (1934); H. v. Euler, P. Karrer, 

 and M. Rvdbom, Ber., 62, 2445-2451 (1929). 



' H. H. Inhoffen and H. Siemer, Fortschr. Chem. org. Natnrstoffe, 9, 1-40 (1952). 



" H. J. Deuel, Jr., H. H. Inhoffen, J. Ganguly, L. Wallcave, and L. Zechmeister, Arch. 

 Biochem. Biophys., 40, 352-357 (1952). 



" R. Kuhn, H. Brockmann, A. Scheunert, and M. Schieblich, Z. physiol. Chem., 221, 

 129-136 (1933). 



"> H. von Euler, P. Karrer, and P. Zubrys, Helv. Chim. Acta, 17, 24-29 (1934). 



^ H. J. Deuel, Jr., E. Sumner, C. Johnston, A. Polgd,r, and L. Zeichmeister, Arch. 

 Biochem., 6, 157-161 (1945). 



y R. Kuhn and H. Brockmann, Ber., 66, 407-410 (1933). 



' H. J. Deuel, Jr., C. Johnston, E. Sumner, A. Polgar, W. A. Schroeder, and L. Zech- 

 meister, Arch. Biochem., 5, 365-371 (1944); L. Zechmeister and W. A. Schroeder, Arch. 

 Biochem., 1, 231-238 (1942). 



'"' H. J. Deuel, Jr., C. H. Hendrick, E. Straub, A. Sandoval, J. H. Pinckard, and L. 

 Zechmeister, Arch. Biochem., 14, 97-103 (1947). 



»'' L. Zeichmeister, J. H. Pinckard, S. M. Greenberg, E. Straub, T. Fukui, and H. J. 

 Deuel, Jr., Arch. Biochem., 23, 242-245 (1949). 



"" S. M. Greenberg, C. E. Calbert, J. H. Pinckard, H. J. Deuel, Jr., and L. Zechmeister, 

 Arch. Biochem., 24, 31-39 (1949). 



"'' R. Kuhn and C. Grundmann, Ber., 67, 593-595 (1934). 



'-'' G. S. Fraps and A. R. Kemmerer, Ind. Eng. Chem., Anal. Ed., 13, 806-809 (1941). 



"^ H. J. Deuel, Jr., E. R. Meserve, C. H. Johnston, A. Polgdr, and L. Zechmeister, 

 Arch. Biochem., 7, 447-450 (1945). 



°» H. J. Deuel, Jr., S. M. Greenberg, E. Straub, T. Fukui, A. Chatterjee, and L. 

 Zechmeister, Arch. Biochem., 23, 239-241 (1949). 



"^ S. M. Greenberg, A. Chatterjee, C. E. Calbert, H. J. Deuel, Jr., and L. Zechmeister, 

 .Arch. Biochem., 25, 61-65 (1950). 



'"' H. J. Deuel, Jr., J. Ganguly, L. Wallcave, and L. Zechmeister, Arch. Biochem. 

 Biophys., 47, 237-240 (1953). 



-> E. Lederer and T. Moore, Nature, 137, 996 (1936). 



"* S. M. Greenberg and B. T. Scheer, Unpublished e.xperiments from J. Gangulv, 

 X. I. Krinskv, J. H. Pinckard, and H. J. Deuel, Jr., Z. phimol. Chem., 295, 61-66 (1953), 

 p. 62. 



°' J. Gangulv, N. I. Krinskv, J. H. Pinckard, and H. J. Deuel, Jr., Z. physiol. Chem., 

 295, 61-66 (1953). 



