30 TRAITS OF YOUNG CHIMPANZEES 



of careful observation, is that expressions of temperament in 

 Panzee were dependent on her physical condition. I do not 

 believe such differences in chimpanzee behavior as are 

 described below can be safely attributed to race, sex, or age. 

 Although we have been slow to admit the fact, it is clear that 

 temperament and character are quite as dependent upon 

 physical constitution as is intelligence. 



In brief, Chim is sanguine, venturesome, trustful, friendly, 

 and energetic, whereas Panzee was distrustful, retiring, 

 lethargic. His behavior usually suggested unusual intelli- 

 gence; hers stupidity. 



In their relations to people the animals exhibited their 

 usual diversity. Chim would go willingly to almost anyone 

 who seemed friendly. Panzee 's reaction was difficult to pre- 

 dict. Sometimes she would meet advances more than half 

 way. Occasionally she would seek out a stranger. Both 

 animals appreciated kindness. Panzee 's mode of expressing 

 appreciation was a gentle pat on her attendant's shoulder. 

 This she administered rarely, and only when she was deeply 

 grateful for friendly consideration. Chim has never been 

 observed to express his feelings in this manner .^ 



Chim's preference for persons who were in a measure res- 

 ponsible for his care and conduct seems to depend chiefly on 

 their disciplinary attitude. He approves them in the order 

 of their indulgence. Those who allow him to have his own 

 way and are pleasant and kindly about it hold first place in 

 his esteem. Those who demand obedience and enforce 

 reasonable regulations are respected, but not sought after! 

 Chim when punished, or threatened with punishment, habitu- 

 ally strives to escape the discipHnarian. Panzee instead 



2 Miss Cunningham's young gorilla, Sultan, pats the shoulder of a 

 human companion in expression of satisfaction or appreciation. 



