MENTAL TRAITS 33 



occurred most commonly in response to favorite foods or 

 opportunity for much desired companionship and play. 

 Chim can be made to laugh by tickling him on the ribs. 

 Panzee more frequently resented this treatment and tried to 

 bite. 



The common modes of expressing resentment, anger and 

 rage are much like those of the child. In resentment the Hps 

 are protruded and there is a plaintive whine. In anger the 

 lips are more likely to be drawn back exposing the teeth. 

 The mouth may be opened and the whine is replaced by a 

 scream. In rage these reactions are exaggerated and the 

 animal is likely to throw itself on the ground and tumble 

 about or whirl around as though on a pivot. Both Chim and 

 Panzee, but Chim more frequently, exhibited all of these 

 reactions. When refused some much-desired food he occa- 

 sionally would scream loudly and throw himself about 

 energetically, careless of his bodily comfort or welfare. I have 

 seen the same sort of behavior in children of two to five years. 



As contrasted with anger, the emotion of fear, with its 

 incipient stage of timidity and its extremity of terror, gains 

 expression in defense reactions. Vocal response usually is 

 lacking. Instead of whining or screaming as in anger, the 

 animal keeps perfectly quiet, as though to avoid attention. 

 The pulse and respiration increase more or less markedly 

 and as timidity develops into terror the hair becomes erect 

 and the animal either holds itself tense and ready for flight, 

 or, if the opportunity offers, silently steals away. 



My best opportunity to observe fear reactions appeared in 

 connection with brush fires and cows in the New Hampshire 

 pasture. Chim was fearful of the open fire. Panzee paid 

 little attention to it. Presumably experience is responsible 

 for his behavior. His timidity in the face of fire either in the 



