EVIDENCES OF INSIGHT 49 



convey to every intelligent reader what is intended. I have 

 never seen a creature give more convincing signs of reflection 

 than does this young chimpanzee when spoken to or com- 

 manded in an unusual way or when some new and strange 

 object is presented to him. His behavior suggests the 

 puzzled air and thoughtful attitude of a child who faces a 

 new situation. That this description of Chim's behavior is 

 unsatisfactory I admit. Undoubtedly we should seek to 

 verify our objective data and so to supplement them that we 

 shall know with reasonable completeness the physiological 

 counterpart of the attitude which is spoken of as one of 

 reflection. Nothing is positively proved, beyond the 

 ability of the animal to meet certain novel problems, but the 

 unprejudiced observer, no matter how highly trained in 

 scientific procedure, certainly would grant that Chim seems 

 to have ideas and to utilize them frequently if not fairly 

 continuously in his adaptive behavior. 



Once more it must be emphasized that these so-called 

 tests of insight are merely formal examples of situations 

 which supply opportunity for adaptation. The test situa- 

 tions which accidentally or unintentionally appeared during 

 the several months of my study of the young chimpanzees 

 are too numerous to enumerate, still less to describe. Only 

 one or two will be mentioned. 



Chim's daily life supplies varied evidences of ideation. 

 Witness the following contrasted behavior of Chim and 

 Panzee when given the half of a large juicy orange cut at 

 right angles to the segments. Chim after a little experi- 

 mentation learned to extract the pulp without losing a drop 

 of the juice. His method is to hold the orange with one or 

 both hands and beginning at the edge, without breaking the 

 skin, with lips and teeth to extract the pulp from one or more 



