50 TRAITS OF YOUNG CHIMPANZEES 



segments. This done he rotates the object slowly and simi- 

 larly takes the substance of the next segments. Thus he 

 systematically devours the orange. Having extracted the 

 juicy portion, he pulls out the remaining membranous parts 

 and there remains the clean skin, usually turned inside out. 

 In case the half orange happens to be small and very juicy 

 he is quite likely to apply it closely to his face and suck it dry 

 without moving it. 



Panzee 's technique in eating a half orange was crude and 

 imperfect by comparison. Her method varied greatly and 

 commonly resulted in the loss of more or less of the juice. 

 She usually managed to so mutilate the skin that it was 

 difficult to get all of the substance. 



Chim's method strikes one as peculiarly clever or intelli- 

 gent. Her behavior, on the contrary, seemed rather stupid 

 or careless. Although this description perhaps does some 

 slight injustice to Panzee 's native endowment it does not 

 exaggerate the contrast in intelligence of the two animals. 



Without complete knowledge of the life history of an ani- 

 mal it is quite impossible to estimate the contribution of 

 experience in any given situation. Since the infrahuman 

 primates are known to be extraordinarily imitative of the 

 activities of other members of their own race and also of other 

 types of primate, it is obviously important that students 

 of primate behavior have complete knowledge of the history 

 of their subjects. This knowledge in the case of Chim and 

 Panzee is lacking. Although unfortunate, this is not excep- 

 tional, for the literature contains no single account of an 

 experimental study of the behavior of an anthropoid ape 

 whose life history has been carefully observed and faithfully 

 recorded from birth. 



More important than the presence of imitative tendency 



