Pfizer Handbook of Microbial Metabolites 60 



80 Succinic Acid, C4H(j04, colorless prisms, m.p. 185-187°. 



HOOC— CH2— CH2— COOH 



Mucor stolonifer, Aspergillus terreus, Ustilina vulgaris, 

 Penicillium aurantio-virens, Fusarium oxysporum, lichens, 

 etc. 



Occurrence is wide, but yields are generally rather low. 



Ve. S. Butkevich and M. V. Fedorov, Biochem. Z. 219 103 

 (1930). 



Jackson W. Foster, "Chemical Activities of Fungi," Aca- 

 demic Press Inc., New York, N. Y., 1949, p. 373. 



81 Z-Malic Acid, C4H6O5, colorless crystals, m.p. 99°, [ajn'" -1.43° 



(c 21.65 in water). 



HOOC— CH—CH>— COOH 



OH 



White aspergilli, clasterosporium spp., many other 

 fungi. 



Yields are high in some cases. 



Reinhold Schreyer, Biochem. Z. 240 295 (1931). 



John L. Yuill, Chem. Ind. 55 155 (1936). 



82 L(+)-Tartaric Acid, C4H6O6, colorless powder or crystals, m.p. 



168-170° (dec), [aW +11.98° (c 20 in water). 



COOH 



I 

 HCOH 



HCOH 



I 

 COOH 



Gibberella saubinetii, Acetobacter suboxydans 

 Citric and acetic acids were produced also. 

 Lyle E. Hessler and Ross A. Gortner, /. Biol. Chem. 119 193 

 (1937). 



Jonas Kamlet, U. S. Patent 2,314,831 (1943). 



83 Itaconic Acid, C-^Ht-O^, colorless crystals, m.p. 162-164°. 



CH2=C— COOH 



1 



CH2— COOH 



Aspergillus terreus, Ustilago zeae, Helicobasidium 

 monpa, other fungi 



