6 1 Aliphatic Acids and Glycolipides 



Jasper H. Kane, Alexander C. Finlay and Philip F. Amann, 

 U. S. Patent 2.385.283 (1945). 



Leland A. Undeikofler and Richard J. Hickey, "Industrial 

 Fermentations," Chemical Publishing Co., Inc., New York, 

 N. Y., 1954 Vol. I. Lewis B. Lockwood, Itaconic acid, chap. 16, 

 pp. 488-498. 



Yields are high in the case of A. terreus. Ustilago zeae 

 is reported to produce 15 g. per liter as well as some 

 dianthrone and glycolipides. 



R. H. Raskins, J. A. Thorn and B. Boothroyd, Can. J. Micro- 

 biol. 1 749 (1955). 



84 fra??s-Ghitaconic Acid, C-,H,;04, colorless needles, m.p. 138°. 



COOH 

 CH 



CH 



I 

 CHo 



COOH 



Aspergillus niger (on Z-xylose) 



Shinichiro Baba and Kinichiro Sakaguchi, Bull. Agr. Chem. 

 Soc. (Japan) 18 93 (1942). 



85 a-Ketoglutaric Acid, C-HfiO.,, colorless crystals, m.p. 115-116°. 



O 



II 

 HOOC— C— CH,— CHo— COOH 



Pseudomonas fiuorescens 



Harold J. Koepsell, Frank H. Stodola and Eugene S. Sharpe, 

 U. S. Patent 2,724,680 (1955). 



Leland A. Underkofler and Richard J. Hickey, "Industrial 

 Fermentations," Chemical Publishing Co., Inc., New York, 

 N. Y., 1954 Vol. II, Lewis B. Lockwood, Ketogenic fermenta- 

 tion processes, chap. 1, pp. 18-19. 



86 Dimethylpyruvic Acid, C^H^Og, leaflets, m.p. ~24°, b.p. 76-78°. 



CHs O 



\ II 



CH— C— COOH 



/ 

 CHa 



