Pfizer Handbook of Microbial Metabolites 64 



Penicillium purpiirogeniim Stoll var. rubrisclerotium 

 Thorn. 



Yields greater than 20% of the glucose substrate sup- 

 plied have been reported. Probably the isomer normal to 

 the mammalian citric acid cycle also occurs in some 

 microorganisms, but it has not been reported to accumu- 

 late. 



Teruhiko Beppu, Shigeo Abe and Kinichiro Sakaguchi, Bull. 

 Agr. Chem. Soc. (Japan) 21 263 (1957). 



94 tra ns-/3-Methylglutaconic Acid, C,jHs;04, colorless crystals, m.p. 



131-134°. HOOC— CH=C— CH,— COOH 



CH3 



Ustilago sphaerogena 



This substance is a component of ferrichrome A pig- 

 ment,* in which its monohydroxamate is complexed with 

 iron. 



Thomas Emery and J. B. Neilands. (In press) 



* See addendum. 



95 Citric Acid, CgHsO- (occurs as monohydrate), colorless crystals 



or white powder, m.p. (monohydrate) ~100°, (anhy- 

 drous) 153°. CH,— COOH 



HO— C— COOH 

 I 

 CH2— COOH 



Wide variety of fungi, e.g., Aspergillus niger. 



Yields are high. 



Leland AT Underkofler and Richard J. Hlckey, "Industrial Fer- 

 mentations," Chemical Publishing Co., Inc., New York, N. Y., 

 1954 Vol. I; Marvin J. Johnson, The citric acid fermentation, 

 chap. 13, pp. 420-445. 



96 Mevalonic Acid Lactone (Hiochic Acid, /^-Hydroxy-yg-methyl- 



S-valerolactone), C,5Hi„0;{, colorless, hygroscopic crystals, 

 m.p. 27°, b.p. 90° (0.3 mm.). (Synthetic racemate. ) 



CH3 



CHo I CH,. 

 I OH I 

 CH, C-O 



