1 05 Carotenes and Carotenoids 



Rhodospirillum rubrum, other purple bacteria, Neuro- 

 spora crassa (mutants), Chromatium spp. 



P. Karrer and U. Solmssen, Helv. Chim. Acta 18 1306 

 (1935). 



C. B. Van Niel and James H. C. Smith, Arch. Mikrobiol. 6 

 219 (1935). (Isolation) 



A. Polgar, C. B. Van Niel and L. Zeehmeister, Arch. 

 Biochem. 5 243 (1944). 



Synnove Liaaen Jensen, Germaine Cohen-Bazire, T. O. M. 

 Nakayama and R. Y. Stanier, Biochim. et Biophys. Acta 29 

 477 (1958). (Synthesis) 



M. S. Barber, L. M. Jackson and B. C. L. Weedon, Proc. 

 Chem. Soc, 96 (1959). 



185 Torulene, C42H60O2, dark red crystals, m.p. 185°, U.V. 460, 486, 

 519 m^ in petroleum ether. 



Tentative structure: 



OCH3 



CH30 



Rhodotorula rubra 



Occurs together with y8-carotene, torularhodin and an 

 unstable, uncharacterized carotene. 



Edgar Lederer, Bull. soc. chim. biol. 20 611 (1938). 



J. Bonner, A. Sandoval, W. Tang and L. Zeehmeister, Arch. 

 Biochem. 10 113 (1946). 



186 Sarcinaxanthin, yellow crystals, m.p. 149°, U.V. 415, 440, 469 

 m/x in petroleum ether. 



About 3.4 mg. of this mono-hydroxy xanthophyll were 

 obtained from 385 g. of dried Sarcina lutea cells. It is 

 also produced by Flavobacterium marinotypicum and by 

 Staphylococcus citreus. 



A closely related hydrocarbon, sarcinene, occurs in all 

 these species as well as in Flavobacterium sulfureum. 



Yoshiharu Takeda and Tatuo Ota, Z. physiol. Chem. 268 1 

 (1941). (Isolation) 



Doris P. Courington and T. W. Goodwin, J. Bacterial. 70 

 568 (1955). 



Tatsuo Ohta, Toshio Miyazaki and Teruo Minomiya, Chem. 

 Pharm. Bull. 7 254 (1959). 



