Pfizer Handbook of Microbial Metabolites 256 



B. H. Howard and H. Raistrick, Biochem. J. 46 49 (1950). 

 Shoji Shibata, Kagaku (Science) 26 391 (1956). 



540 Islandicin, C15H10O5, dark red plates, m.p. 218°. 



O OH 



Penicillium islandicum Sopp. 



This mold produces a complex mixture of pigments 

 constituting up to 20% of the mycelial weight. 



B. H. Howard and H. Raistrick, Biochem. J. 44 227 (1949). 



Islandicin seems to be identical with funiculosin, a 

 trihydroxyanthraquinone pigment of the same melting 

 point and empirical formula isolated from Penicillium 

 funiculosum Thom, a species closely related to P. is- 

 landicum. 



Hisanao Igarasi, J. Agr. Chem. Soc. Japan 15 225 (1939). 



541 Helminthosporin, CigHioOg, dark maroon needles, m.p. 227°. 



"? ? CH. 



HO O OH 



Helm,inthosporium gramineum Rabenhorst, H. cyno- 

 dontis Marignoni, H. catenarium, H. triticivulgaris 

 Nisikado 



About 30% of the dry myceUum of H. gramineum con- 

 sisted of anthraquinone pigments, mainly helmintho- 

 sporin and catenarin. 



Harold Raistrick, Robert Robinson and Alexander R. Todd, 

 J. Chem. Soc, 488 (1933). 



542 Emodin (Frangula-Emodin), C15H10O5, orange needles, m.p. 

 255°. 



