Ca rduelis— C a tu leo — Cc rth ia 5 3 



Gaza believes, that bird with golden feathers will not be 

 the Carduelis, for with Aristotle that is not the 6pavrri<;, 

 but the Chrysomitris. Therefore I dare not pronounce what 

 bird the Carduelis is. 



Of the Cceruleo. 



Kvavos, cceruleo, in English a clot-burd, a smatche, an 

 arlyng, a steinchek, in German eyn brech vogel. 



Aristotle. 



The Cceruleo chiefly dwells in Scyros and loves 

 rocks ; in size it is a little smaller than a Merula, 

 a little larger than a Fringilla : it has large feet, and 

 climbs on rocks : in colour it is blue : the beak is 

 long and thin : the legs are short as in the Pipo. 



The Cceruleo 1 , if it be the bird which I conjecture, nests 

 in rabbit holes and under stones in England, and does not 

 appear in winter. 



Of the Certhia. 



Aristotle. 



The Certhia is a very little bird of bold habits ; 

 its home is upon trees, its food is grubs ; it shews 

 wise instinct for the needs of life. 



There is a certain bird which Englishmen call Creeper, 

 that is Climber, for it always climbs about on trees : this 

 I believe to be the Certhia. It is a little bigger than 

 the Regulus, having a whitish breast, the other parts dull 

 brown, but varied with black spots ; its note is sharp, its 



1 Whatever bird Aristotle's may be, Turner's is certainly the 

 Wheatear. Belon and Gesner seem to think that the former is the 

 Blue Thrush, but Sundevall is certainly wrong in suggesting that it is 

 the Wall-Creeper {Tichodroma muraria). 



