COMMON PLACES, REFERRING TO BIRDS, 

 FROM ARISTOTLE. 



IF it should happen that you read Pliny, Aristotle, Aristo- 

 phanes, or any other suitable writer, it is fitting to have 

 ready for use such Common Places of this kind as I will add 

 for the sake of example only, written in a note-book, that 

 you may with certainty refer to all those birds, of which you 

 read in their pages. And if you do this, I doubt not that in 

 a short time you will make great progress in the knowledge 

 of birds. 



Those having appendices 1 . 

 Olor, anser, anas, gallinaceus, perdix, ciconia, ascalaphus, 

 tarda, noctua, passer. 



Those having craws. 

 Gallinaceus, palumbes, perdix, and columbus. 



Those having wide gullets. 

 Anser, anas, gavia, cataracta, and tarda. 



Gregarious birds. 

 Olor, the smaller anser, grus, and platea. 



Those living on crops. 

 Palumbes, columbus, turtur, and vinago. 



Those frequenting lakes. 



Ardeola, albardeola, ciconia, the grey gavia, junco, cinclus, 

 trynga, calidris, and alcedones. 



Those frequenting the sea. 



Alcedo, carulus'-', the white gavia, fulica, mergus, rupex 3 , 

 and cataracta. 



1 That is cceca or blind-guts. 



'" Kvavos. 3 Perhaps xapahpios. 



