NUTRITION OF MICRO-ORGANISMS 



50a. H. L. Mayfield and M. T. Hedrick, /. Nutrition, 1949, 87, 475. 

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53. S. Edlbacher and G. Viollier, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1943, 26, 1978. 



54. J. Dawson, Biochem. J., 1944, 38, Proc, xv. 



55. M. G. Kritzman, Biochimia, 1943, 8, 85. 



56. L. O. Krampitz and C. H. Werkman, Biochem. J., 1941, 36, 595. 



57. J. H. Quastel and D. M. Webley, ibid., 1942, 36, 8. 



58. F. Lipmann, Nature, 1937, 1^0, 25 ; Enzymologia, 1937, 4, 65. 



59. F. Lipmann, Nature, 1936, 138, 1097. 



60. F. Lipmann, Skand. Arch. Physiol., 1937, 76, 255. 



61. E. S. G. Barron and C. M. Lyman, /. Biol. Chem., 1939, 127, 143. 



62. E. S. G. Barron and C. M. Lyman, Science, 1940, 92, 337. 



63. K. G. Stem and J. L. Melnick, /. Biol. Chem., 1939, 131, 597. 



64. K. G. Stem and J. L. Melnick, ibid., 1940, 136, 365. 



65. E. S. G. Barron and C. M. Lyman, ibid., 1941, 141, 951 ; E, S. G. 



Barron, C. M. Lyman, M. A. Lipton and J. M. Goldinger, 

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 and C. M. Lyman, ibid., 975. 



66. O. Zima and R. R. Williams, Ber., 1940, 73, 941. 



67. O. Zima, K. Ritsert and T. Moll, Z. physiol. Chem., 1941, 267, 210. 



68. P. Karrer and M. Viscontini, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1946, 29, 711. 



69. R. A. Peters, Nature, 1946, 158, 707. 



70. E. S. G. Barron, C. M. Lyman, M. A. Lipton and J. M. Goldinger, 



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71. S. C. Roy, S. K. Roy and B. C. Guha, Nature, 1946, 158, 238. 



19. ANEURINE IN THE NUTRITION OF 2VUCRO-ORGANISMS 



Aneurine is not only a vitamin for animals, but it is also a " vitamin" 

 for many micro-organisms. E. Wildiers ^ in igor postulated that 

 yeasts required in addition to sugar and inorganic salts a hypothetical 

 organic subst since which he called " bios ". This was subsequently 

 shown to be, not one single entity, but a mixture of several different 

 substances. One of these, which had provisionally been designated 

 " Bios V ", was ultimately shown to be identical with aneurine. ^ 

 Since then, a considerable amount of work has been carried out on the 

 aneurine requirements of a large variety of yeasts and other fungi 

 and bacteria. Some of these micro-organisms have been used for the 

 assay of aneurine. 



Yeasts 



Reference has already been made (page 33), for example, to the 

 yeast fermentation method of estimating aneurine, in which a strain 

 of yeast that fails to produce carbon dioxide in the absence of aneurine 



105 



