NICOTINIC ACID (NIACIN) 



7. P. Handler and W. J. Dann, /. Biol. Chem., 1942, 145, 145. 



8. P. Handler and W. P. Featherston, ihid., 1943, 151, 395. 



9. W. A. Krehl and C. A. Elvehjem, ibid., 1945, 168, 173. 



10. H. Chick, T. F. Macrae, A. J. P. Martin and C. J. Martin, Biochem. 



J., 1938, 32, 10 ; E. H. Hughes, /. Animal Sci., 1943, 2, 23. 



11. M. Swaminathan, Indian J. Med. Res., 1940, 28, 91. 



12. J. G. Wooley and W. H. Sebrell, /. Nutrition, 1945, 29, 191. 



13. M. M. Wintrobe, H. J. Stein, R. H. Follis and S. Humphreys, 



ibid., 1945, 30, 395 ; G. E. Cartwright, B. Tatting and M. M. 

 Wintrobe, Arch. Biochem., 1948, 19, 109. 



14. R. Braude, S. K. Kon and E. G. White, Biochem. J., 1946, 40, 843. 



15. J. M. Cooperman, K. B. McCall, W. R. Ruegamer and C. A. 



Elvehjem, /. Nutrition, 1946, 32, 37. 



16. J. G. Wooley, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 1947, 65, 315. 



17. C. A. Elvehjem and C. J. Koehn, /. Biol. Chem., 1935, 108, 709. 



18. G. M. Briggs, T. D. Luckey, L. J. Teply, C. A. Elvehjem and E. B. 



Hart, ibid., 1943, 148, 517. 



19. G. M. Briggs, ibid., 1945, 161, 749. 



20. D. M. Hegsted, /. Nutrition, 1946, 32, 467. 



21. G. M. Briggs, ibid., 1946, 31, 79. 



22. T. H. Jukes, E. L. R. Stokstad and M. Belt, ibid., 1947, 33, i. 



23. A. Ross, D. M. Hegsted and F. J. Stare, ibid., 1946, 32, 473. 



24. B. A. McLaren, E. Keller, D. J. O'Donnell and C. A. Elvehjem, 



Arch. Biochem., 1947, 15, 169. 



8. EFFECT OF NICOTINIC ACID DEFICIENCY IN 2VIAN 



Pellagra 



The classical disease associated with nicotinic acid deficiency is 

 pellagra. " True " pellagra manifests itself in what Goldberger et al.^ 

 described as a " definite bilaterally symmetrical eruption ", associated 

 with mental and gastro-intestinal disturbances and other less char- 

 acteristic symptoms. The dermatitis is generally worse on exposure 

 to sunlight, but this is apparently not the only factor capable of pro- 

 ducing the characteristic pigmentation ; for heat, pressure and irrita- 

 tion may do the same. The disease is common in tropical and sub- 

 tropical countries, and appears to be especially rife where maize is 

 the staple article of diet. 



Pellagra and Maize 



The association between pellagra and the consumption of maize 

 has puzzled a good many workers in the past. It is not due solely 

 to the low nicotinic acid content of maize, for rice and wheat contain 

 approximately the same amoimts {page 233), yet pellagra is far more 



240 



