NICOTINIC ACID (NIACIN) 



63. S. P. Vilter, M. B. Koch and T. D. Spies, /. Lab. Clhi. Med., 1940, 



26, 31 



64. H. I. Kohn and F. Bemheim, /. Clin. Invest., 1939, 18, 585. 



65. A. E. Axelrod, T, D. Spies and C. A. Elvehjem, /. Biol. Chem., 



1941, 138, 667. 



66. A. E, Axelrod and C. A. Elvehjem, ibid., 1939, 131, 77. 



67. B. D. Kochhar, Indian J. Med. Res., 1940, 28, 385, 



68. B. D. Kochhar, ibid., 1941, 29, 133 ; Ann. Biochem. Exp. Med., 



1941, 1, 285. 



69. B. D. Kochhar, ibid., 341. 



69a. E. Leifer, J. R. Hogness, L. J. Roth and W. Langham, /. Amer. 

 Chem. Soc, 1948, 70, 2908. 



70. H. Field, D. Melnick, W. D. Robinson and C. F. Wilkinson, /. 



Clin. Invest., 1941, 20, 379. 



71. A. Lwoff, M. Morel and M. Bilhaud, Compt. rend., 1942, 214, 244. 



72. A. Lwoff, L. Digonnet and H. Dusi, ibid., 39. 



73. A. Lwoff, M. Morel and L. Digonnet, ibid., 1941, 213, 811. 



74. A. Lwoff, M. Morel and L. Digonnet, ibid., 1030. 



75. R. F. A. Dean and W. I. M. Holman, Nature, 1948, 161, 439. 



76. M. N. Coryell, M. E. Harris, S. Miller, H. H. Williams and I. G. 



Macy, Amer. J. Dis. Child., 1945, 70, 150 ; M. N. Coryell, C. E. 

 Roderuck, M. E. Harris, S. Miller, M. M. Rutledge, H. H. Williams 

 and I. G. Macy, /. Nutrition, 1947, 34, 219. 



77. B. C. Johnson, T. S. Hamilton and H. H. Mitchell, /. Biol. Chem., 



1945. 159, 231. 



78. W. J. Dann and P. Handler, /. Nutrition, 1941, 22, 409 ; S. A. 



Singal, V. P. Sydenstricker and J. M. Littlejohn, /. Biol. Chem., 

 1948, 176, 1069. 



79. J. G. Wooley and W. H. Sebrell, /. Nutrition, 1945, 29, 191- 



80. W. J. Dann and H. I. Kohn, /. Biol. Chem., 1940, 136, 435. 



81. P. Handler and W. J. Dann, ibid., 1941, 140, 739. 



82. W. J. Dann and P. Handler, ibid., 935. 



83. M. Levy and N. F. Young, ibid., 1948, 176, 185. 



II. INTESTINAL SYNTHESIS OF NICOTINIC ACID 



Intestinal Synthesis in Man 



The first suggestion that nicotinamide might be synthesised 

 in the human gut and made available to the human body was advanced 

 by P. Ellinger, R. A. Coulson and R. Benesch,^ who observed a dis- 

 crepancy between the nicotinamide intake and the N^-methylnicotin- 

 amide output. They were able to show that this was due to the 

 production of nicotinamide by the intestinal flora, since the urinary 

 excretion of N^-methylnicotinamide was reduced when either sulpha- 

 guanidine or succinyl sulphathiazole was administered. Both these 

 sulphon amides, being poorly absorbed from the gut, act as intestinal 



268 



