NICOTINIC ACID (NIACIN) 



and monoaryl derivatives, and many other compounds (see above). 

 Insects were more exacting, and Tribolium confusum could utilise only 

 the acid, its esters and the amide, although slight activity was shown 

 by nicotinallylamide, nicotin-(4'-methoxyphenyl) -amide and nicotin- 

 phenylamide and very slight activity by nicotin-mono- and di-ethyl- 

 amides, nicotinbenzylamide, quinolinic acid and j8-picoline. Bacteria 

 were still more exacting. L. arabinosus utilised only the acid and 

 amide, quinolinic acid, /3-picoline and nicotinonitrile ; Proteus vulgaris 

 showed a response with nicotinethylamide, quinolinic acid and 

 ^-picoline ; whilst Shigella sonnet utilised only the acid and amide 

 and, to a very much smaller extent, quinolinic acid and /3-picoline. 

 Thus, summarising, it can be said that the rat can utilise all the 

 compounds available to insects, and insects can utilise all the com- 

 pounds that stimulate the growth of bacteria, but the converse is not 

 true in either instance. 



References to Section i8 



1. D. W. WooUey, F. M. Strong, R. J. Madden and C. A. Elvehjem, 



/. Biol. Chem., 1938, 124, 715. 



2. Y. SubbaRow, W. J. Dann and E. Meilman, /, Amer. Chem. Soc, 



1938, 60, 1510 ; Y. SubbaRow and W. J. Dann, ibid., 2565. 



3. V. A. Najjar, M. M. Hammond, M. A. English, M. B. Wooden and 



C. C. Deal, Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., 1944, 74, 406. 



4. V. A. Najjar and C. C. Deal, /. Biol. Chem., 1946, 162, 741. 



5. D. T. Smith, G. Margolis and L. H. Margolis, /. Pharmacol., 1940, 



68, 458. 



6. L. J. Teply and C. A. Elvehjem, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 1944, 



56, 72. 



7. J. W. Huff and W. A. Perlzweig, /. Biol. Chem., 1942, 142, 401. 



8. W. J. Dann and P. Handler, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 1941, 48, 



355- 



9. L. J. Teply, W. A. Krehl and C. A. Elvehjem, ibid., 1945, 58, 169. 



10. H. A. Waisman, O. Mickelsen, J. M. McKibbin and C. A. Elvehjem, 



/. Nutrition, 1940, 19, 483. 



11. W. J. Dann, H. I. Kohn and P. Handler, ibid., 1940, 19, viii ; 



1940, 20, 477. 



12. C. O. Badgett, R. C. Provost, C. L. Ogg and C. F. Woodward, /. 



Amer. Chem. Soc, 1945, 67, 1138 ; C. O. Badgett and C. F. 

 Woodward, ibid., 1947, 69, 2907. 



13. G. M. Briggs, T. D. Luckey, L. J. Teply, C. A. Elvehjem and E. B. 



Hart, /. Biol. Chem., 1943, 148, 517. 



14. W. A. Krehl, C. A. Elvehjem and F. M. Strong, ibid., 1944, 156, 13. 



15. W. A. Krehl and F. M. Strong, ibid., 1. 



15a. F. M. Strong, L. Lutwak and M. A. Farooque, Arch. Biochem., 

 1948, 18, 297. 



16. R. W. Vilter and T. D. Spies, Lancet, 1939, 2, 423. 



294 



