PHARMACOLOGY 



9. K. Unna and G. V. Richards, /. Nutrition, 1942, 23, 545. 



10. K. Schwartz, Z. physiol. Chem., 1942, 275, 232. 



11. C. A. Mills, Arch. Biochem., 1942, 1, 73. 



12. D. W. Woolley, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 1941, 46, 565. 



13. A. E. Shaefer, J. M. McKibbin and C. A. Elvehjem, /. Biol. Chem., 



1942, 143, 321. 

 13a. P. B. Pearson and H. Schmidt, /. Animal Set., 1948, 7, 78. 



14. T. C. Groody and M. E. Groody, Science, 1942, 95, 655. 



15. M. B. Gillis, G. F. Heuser and L. C, Norris, /. Nutrition, 1943, 26, 



285; 1948, 35, 351. 



16. D. M. Hegsted and T. R. Riggs, ibid., 1949, 37, 361. 



17. D. M. Hegsted and R. L. Perry, ibid., 1948, 35, 411. 



13. PHARMACOLOGY OF PANTOTHENIC ACID 



The pharmacological properties of calcium pantothenate were 

 studied by K. Unna and J. Greslin,^ who found that the toxic dose 

 (LD 50) for mice was to, 27 and 0-92 g. per kg. by the oral, subcutaneous 

 and intraperitoneal routes respectively ; death occurred through 

 respiratory failure. For rats the value of LD 50 was 3-4 g. per kg. 

 by the subcutaneous route. Rats suffered no ill-effects when given 

 10 g. per kg. by mouth, and five dogs and one monkey were not affected 

 by a dose of i g. per kg. by mouth. Rats developed normally when 

 given 200 mg. of calcium pantothenate daily for 190 days, and dogs 

 given 50 mg. per kg. of bodyweight daily for six months and monkeys 

 given I g. per day for six months showed no ill-effects. 



The subcutaneous injection of a i to 10 % solution of calciimi 

 pantothenate into rabbits or the instillation of a 10 % solution into 

 the conjunctival sac caused no irritation. The blood pressure and 

 respiration of a cat were not influenced by the intravenous injection 

 of 10 to 50 mg. per kg., and the heart rate was unchanged. The 

 volume of urine excreted was not affected. No effect on the intestine 

 or uterus of a rabbit could be detected in concentrations up to i part 

 in 10,000 parts. 



Spies et al.^ reported that the intravenous injection of a solution 

 containing 100 mg. of calcirmi or sodium pantothenate produced no 

 change in the blood pressure, pulse, temperature or respiration of 

 normal human subjects. 



References to Section 13 



1. K. Unna and J. G. Greslin, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 1940, 45, 



311 ; /. Pharmacol., 1941, 73, 85. 



2. T. D. Spies, S. R. Stanberry, R. J. WilHams, T. H. Jukes and 



S. H. Babcock, /. Amer. Med. Assoc, 1940, 115, 523. 



379 



