202 JOTTINGS ABOUT BIRDS. 



ocnanlhe) and the Pied and Yellow Wagtails 

 (^Motacilla alba yarreUii and ]\I. raii) are also birds 

 of bright and strongly contrasted plumage, that may 

 be introduced into landscapes with advantage. We 

 find the Wheatear on downs and upland wastes ; the 

 Wagtails on the fallows and pastures, often running 

 about near to feeding cattle, and by the margin of 

 ponds and streams. The various species of Crows 

 may also be cited as well adapted to the artist's 

 needs. Almost every kind of scenery is frequented 

 by one or other of these birds. The pastures are 

 tlie chosen feeding-grounds of the Rook [Corvus 

 frugilegus), distinguished by its purplish black 

 plumage and bare warty face ; the Carrion Crow 

 [Corviis corone) is a bird of the woods as well as 

 the wilderness, and differs from the preceding in 

 having greenish reflections in its plumage, and the 

 face covered with feathers ; the Hooded Crow 

 {Corvus comix), with its mixture of black and grey 

 plumage, frequents the low meadows and swampy 

 shores of estuaries during winter, and the Highland 

 sheep flirms in summer; the Jackdaw [Corvus 

 monedula), notable for its small size, rounded wings, 

 and gray nape, is a bird of the ruin, the cliff, and 

 the hollow tree. The Magpie [Pica caudata), with 

 its characteristic and familiar garb, frequents the 



