MENTAL. LIFE OF MONKEYS AND APES 93 



the boxes as did the child, for the latter, in placing the board 

 on one of the boxes, exhibited in ineffective form the idea which 

 should have yielded the solution of the problem. 



The child was given no further opportunity to work at the 

 problem, whereas Julius, as I shall now describe, continued his 

 efforts on subsequent days under somewhat different conditions. 



On Wednesday, March 10, the banana was suspended as 

 formerly, and three boxes, all of them small and light enough 

 to be readily handled by the ape, were placed in distant parts 

 of the cage. The six-foot stick which had been present in the 

 test with the child, but not in the first test with Julius, was 

 also placed in the cage. 



Julius was allowed to work for about an hour. As formerly, 

 he was sufficiently hungry to be eager to get the food and evi- 

 dently tried all of the possible ways which occurred to him. 

 Chief among these were (1) the use of the various boxes sepa- 

 rately or in pairs in very varied positions but never with one 

 upon another, — the only way in which the banana could be 

 reached; (2) climbing to various points on the sides of the cage, 

 with infrequent attempts to reach the banana. Usually his 

 eyes saved him the vain effort. 



Unlike the child, Julius paid little attention to the six-foot 

 stick. Two or three times he took it up and seemingly reached 

 for the banana, but in no case did he try persistently to strike 

 it and knock it from the string. It is but fair, however, to 

 remark that such an act is very difficult for the young orang 

 utan, as compared with the child, because of the weakness of 

 the legs and the awkwardness of striking from a sitting posture. 



As previously, the steadiness of attention and the persistence 

 of effort toward the end in view were most surprising. At one 

 time Julius walked to the end of the cage and there happened 

 to see one of the monkeys eating. He watched intently a few 

 seconds and then hastened back to the banana as if his task 

 had been suggested to him by the sight of the feeding animal. 



Most interesting and significant in this behavior was the 

 suddenness with which he would turn to a new method. It 

 often looked precisely as though a new idea had come to him, 

 and he was all eagerness to try it out. 



On March 11, Julius was given another opportunity to obtain 

 the banana by the use of the three boxes. Although he used 



