MENTAL LIFE OF MONKEYS AND APES 99 



or two later. A light red- wood stick about five feet long and 

 an inch in its other dimensions was the only object in the cage 

 which could possibly be of use in obtaining the banana. The 

 aim of the experimenter was to discover whether Julius would 

 use this as a club. 



Previously, in connection with the use of the boxes, he had 

 taken up the same stick two or three times and reached for the 

 banana with it, but in no case had he struck at it or clearly 

 tried to knock it from the string, as did the child most readily 

 and naturally. When provided with this same stick, and it 

 alone, as a means of obtaining the food, he hit upon the fol- 

 lowing interesting method. Placing one end of the stick be- 

 tween a wooden brace and the wire side of the cage, he climbed 

 up to a level with the banana as is shown in figure 33 of plate 

 VI. Then holding with one hand and one foot to a timber of 

 the cage and to the stick with his other foot, he swung outward 

 as far as possible and reached the banana with his free hand. 

 Having once succeeded by the method, he used it whenever 

 given an opportunity. It was impossible for him to make the 

 reach without the use of the small stick, while with it he suc- 

 ceeded fairly easily and regularly. 



Box and Pole Experiment 



Following the box stacking test, Julius was given an oppor- 

 tunity to exhibit ideation in another type of experiment. This 

 may be designated the box and pole test. The conditions are 

 describable thus. A strong wooden box eighty-four inches long, 

 by four inches wide, by four inches deep, with open ends, was 

 built with one side hinged. Hasps and padlocks enabled the 

 experimenter to lock this "lid" after food had been placed in 

 the center of the box. This box could be placed in the center of 

 the large cage and there fastened by means of cross bars. It is 

 well shown in position in figure 29, plate V. Two poles each 

 eight feet long and approximately one and a half inches in 

 their other dimensions were the only additional materials in 

 the experiment. 



On May 1, Julius was allowed to see the experimenter place 

 a half banana in this box, close the lid, lock it in position, and 

 securely fasten the box by means of the cross bars. He was 

 then given opportunity to try to get the banana. The two 



