MENTAL LIFE OF MONKEYS AND APES 129 



panzees to solve simple problems and to use tools in various 

 ways yielded results which contrast most strikingly with those 

 obtained in his experimental study of the imitative tendency 

 in monkeys. His observations, had he committed himself to 

 anything approaching interpretation, doubtless would have led 

 him to conclusions concerning the ideational life of these animals 

 very similar to those of Hobhouse. 



Koehler, working in the Canary Islands, has, according to 

 information which I have received from him by letter, made 

 certain experiments with orang utans and chimpanzees similar 

 to those of Hobhouse and Haggerty. His results I am. unable 

 to report as I have scanty information concerning them. They 

 are, presumably, as yet unpublished. 



In his laboratory at Montecito, California, Hamilton has from 

 time to time kept anthropoid apes, but without special effort 

 to investigate their ideational behavior. He has most inter- 

 esting and valuable data concerning certain habits and instincts, 

 all as yet unpublished. 



To a congress of psychologists Pfungst (1912) briefly reported 

 on work with anthropoid apes in certain of the German zoolo- 

 gical gardens. His preliminary paper does not enable one to 

 make definite statements concerning either his methods or such 

 results as he may have obtained concerning ideational behavior. 

 So far as I know, he has not as yet published further concerning 

 his investigation. 



Mobius (1867) has described interesting observations concern- 

 ing the mental life of the chimpanzee. But this, like all of 

 the work previously mentioned, is rather in the nature of casual 

 testing than thoroughgoing, systematic, and analytic study. 



In addition to the above reports, there are a few concerning 

 the behavior of apes which have been especially trained for 

 purposes of exhibition. Most interesting of these is that of 

 Witmer (1909), who studied in exhibitions and in his own labo- 

 ratory the behavior of the chimpanzee Peter. The varied forms 

 of intelligently adaptive behavior exhibited by this ape con- 

 vinced Witmer of ideational experience and even of an approach 

 to reasoning. In his brief report he expresses especial interest 

 in the possibility of educating this "genius among apes" to the 

 use of language. 



A chimpanzee named Consul was observed several years ago 



