TABLE OF CONTENTS 



Page 



Section One 1 



Introduction 1 



Section Two 10 



General Features of Experiments 10 



A. Animals Used 10 



B. The Two Types of Experiment — Positive and Negative 10 



C. The Positive, (1) Apparatus 11 



(2) Method of Procedure 13 



D. The Negative, (1) Apparatus 14 



(2) Method of Procedure 15 



Section Three 18 



Features Bearing on Learning , 18 



A. Positive, (1) Light, (2) Sound, (3) Summary 18 



B. Negative, (1) Light, (2) Sound, (3) Pain, (4) Summary 30 



Section Four 51 



Features Bearing on Transfer 51 



A. Positive, (1) Light to Sound, (2) Sound to Light 51 



B. Negative, (1) Light to Sound, (2) Light to Pain, (3) Sound to Light, 



(4) Sound to Pain, (5) Pain to Light, (6) Pain to Sound 52 



C. Summary 64 



