TRANSFER OF RESPONSE IN THE WHITE RAT 9 



Cases of " substitution " are, in the opinion of the writer, 

 after all cases of " transfer " of a certain sort. The essential 

 characteristics of one type of transfer are all present, i. e., 

 a certain definite, required response which is kept constant 

 and a definite variation in the nature of the stimuli or situa- 

 tion calling out the response. While it can not be main- 

 tained that in the maze problem certain stimuli were re- 

 moved and others, which had not been present before, put 

 in their place, yet there is evidence that as far as effective- 

 ness of the stimuli goes, such was actually the case. In 

 the experiments to be reported in this paper the conditions 

 were so made that one stimulus which was shown to be the 

 dominant one was actually removed and another, which 

 had not been present before, was substituted for it so that 

 it became the dominant one in place of the former. These 

 dominant stimuli were taken from the different sense fields, 

 light, sound, and pain, so that a stimulus from one sense 

 field was replaced by a stimulus from a different sense field. 

 In this way it was hoped to secure results which were based 

 on stimuli which were simple, but which were also as dif- 

 ferent as it was possible to secure. Of course these dom- 

 inant stimuli had for their background or setting the entire 

 situation composed of various stimuli from the box, room, 

 etc. All these were conditioning stimuli, it is true, but 

 not the dominant ones. All these conditioning stimuli 

 were kept constant, the dominant stimuli alone being 

 changed. The response also was kept the same. By such 

 a method we hoped to secure some reliable and important 

 results bearing on the possibility of one and the same 

 response serving for two or more different sorts of stimuli, 

 or on the possibility of a " generalized " response of the 

 second type mentioned above. 



