30 HARRY H. WYLIE 



and in the other case it was absent. Therefore we must 

 account for the rapidity with which the 60 per cent standard 

 was reached in the first case as compared with the second by 

 means of the effect of the light stimulus. Therefore we 

 can conclude that the light stimulus was a factor practically 

 from the beginning in learning the response, although upon 

 the removal of the light the position habit, gained partly 

 through the influence of the light and partly by mere re- 

 petition, still remained effective. 

 (3) Summary, — 



(a) White Rats do not localize sounds sufficiently well to 

 make use of them as a guide in learning under the conditions 

 of these experiments. 



(6) Movements of the experimenter can be utilized by 

 white rats as cues which aid materially in the learning 

 process. 



(c) White rats will not learn and maintain consistently, 

 under the conditions of these experiments, a simple alter- 

 nation position habit even though given 1700 trials. 



(d) In learning such a series as the one used in these 

 experiments where a simple alternation position habit is 

 of considerable value in getting the correct order of responses, 

 such a position habit is not formed first independently of 

 the light stimulus and then the learning process completed 

 in terms of the light stimulus. 



Rather there is evidence that the light stimulus is more 

 or less effective in helping to establish whatever position 

 habit enters into the order of responses and is wholly effective 

 in carrying the learning process beyond the point where 

 position habit alone could carry it. 



(e) The learning process in this sort of problem is evidently 

 very gradual, though somewhat irregular, having neither a 

 rapid initial rise nor a long final perfecting of the response. 



B. Negative 



(1) Light, — Six groups of animals, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, 

 XIII, were taught the negative response to the light stimulus. 

 The results have been summarized in the following tables: 



