TRANSFER OF RESPONSE: IN THE WHITE RAT 57 



Group XIII 



Transferred after four simultaneous series 



Average 105 7 



Summary of Tables 



Trials Series 



Average for learning electric shock, Normal Record given 191 . 13 12.74 



Gained by direct transfer 33 . 63 2 . 24 



Gained by two simultaneous 35 . 13 2 . 34 



Gained by four simultaneous 86 . 13 5 . 74 



Again in this series of experiments we find decided evi- 

 dence of transfer. The question here would be whether 

 first learning the response to the light helped or hindered 

 the learning of the same response to the electric shock. 

 The results show that by first learning the response to the 

 light a saving of 2.24 series was made in learning the re- 

 sponse to the electric shock. Whereas by introducing two 

 series of simultaneous light and pain after learning the 

 light a saving of 2.34 series was made in learning the pain, 

 and by introducing four simultaneous a saving of 5.74 series 

 was made or, in other words, by first learning the light and 

 by making use of four series of simultaneous light and 

 pain, the animals were able to meet the required standard 

 for the pain in the next seven series, the smallest number 

 possible. 



One might wonder why only 2.34 series were gained by 

 two simultaneous when 2.24 were gained by direct transfer 

 and 5.74 series were gained by four simultaneous. The 

 explanation may be found in the following fact. The 

 stimulus was always more or less disturbing whenever an 

 animal was introduced to it for the first time. This was 

 particularly true whenever the electric stimulus was given 

 alone. Considerable care and patience had to be exercised 

 with the animals until they got over the emotional dis- 

 turbance. This usually required about four series. The 

 two or four simultaneous series, while not showing this 

 disturbance in a uniformly low percentage of correct re- 



