44 THE HEMOFLAGELLATES 



B. Morphology in Mammal 



Kinetoplast terminal or subterminal. Posterior end of body blunt. Division in 

 trypanosome stage. 



Biology 



Multiplication in mammal continuous. Development of metacyclic trypanosomes 

 in proboscis or salivary glands (anterior station) of vector (except evansi sub- 

 group). Transmission inoculative, thru bite (except T. equip erduni). Trypano- 

 somes pathogenic. 



1. VIVAX GROUP 



Morphology in Mammal 



Monomorphic forms. Posterior end of body typically rounded. Free fla- 

 gellum always present. Kinetoplast large, terminal. Undulating mem- 

 brane inconspicuous. 



Biology 



Development in Glossina, in proboscis only. T. vivax is also transmitted 

 mechanically by tabanids. 



Metabolism 



Blood forms have high respiratory quotient and high sugar consumption, 

 producing pyruvic, acetic, lactic acids and glycerol aerobically and glycerol, 

 pyruvic, lactic, and acetic acids anaerobically. Cyanide does not inhibit 

 oxygen consumption. Sulfhydryl antagonists markedly inhibit oxygen con- 

 sumption. Cytochrome and succinic oxidase activity are present. 



a. Long forms 



T. vivax oi cattle, sheep, goats, antelope. 



b. Short forms 



T. uniforme of cattle, sheep, goats, antelope. 



2. CONGOLENSE GROUP 



Morphology in Mammals 



Monomorphic or polymorphic forms. Free flagellum absent or present. 

 Kinetoplast medium, typically marginal. 



Biology 



Development in Glossina, in midgut and proboscis. 



Metabolism 



Blood forms have high respiratory quotient and high sugar consumption, 

 producing acetic acid, succinic acid, glycerol and pyruvic acid aerobically 



