THE HEMOFLAGELLATES 45 



and succinic acid, glycerol, acetic acid and pyruvic acid anaerobically. 

 Cyanide and sulfhydryl antagonists moderately inhibit oxygen consumption. 

 Cytochrome pigments are absent but cytochrome and succinic oxidase ac- 

 tivity are present. Culture forms of T. co)igoleuse have R. Q. of 0.9, 

 produce pyruvate, acetate and smaller amounts of lactate, succinate and 

 glycerol aerobically, and pyruvate, acetate and succinate with small amounts 

 of glycerol and no carbon dioxide anaerobically. Cyanide and sulfhydryl 

 antagonists (iodoacetate and sodium arsenite) inhibit oxygen consumption, 

 but Krebs cycle inhibitors (fluoro acetate and malonate) do so only slightly. 



a. Monomorphic (free flagellum absent or short, undulating membrane in- 

 conspicuous). 



(1) Short forms (means 12.2-14.4 (n). 



T. congolense of cattle, equids, swine, sheep, goat, dog. 



(2) Long forms (means 15.3-17.6 i^). 



T. dimorphon of horse, cattle, sheep, goat, pig, dog. 



b. Polymorphic (short forms without free flagellum, and long forms, of 

 which some are stout, with conspicuous undulating membrane and some 

 are slender with inconspicuous undulating membrane; free flagellum 

 absent or present). 



T. si))iiae of swine, camels, cattle, horse, warthog. 



3. BRUCEI GROUP 



Morphology in Mammal 



Monomorphic or polymorphic forms. Free flagellum present or absent. 

 Kinetoplast small, subterminal (absent in T. equinutn). Undulating mem- 

 brane conspicuous. 



Biology 



Development in Glossina, in midgut and salivary glands (except evansi sub- 

 group). 



Metabolism 



Blood forms have very low respiratory quotient and very high sugar con- 

 sumption, producing pyruvic acid and sometimes glycerol aerobically and 

 pyruvic acid and glycerol anaerobically. Cyanide does not inhibit oxygen 

 consumption. Sulfhydryl antagonists markedly inhibit oxygen consumption. 

 Culture forms have high respiratory quotient and moderately high sugar 

 consumption, producing acetic, succinic, pyruvic and lactic acids aero- 

 bically. Cyanide moderately inhibits oxygen consumption. Sulfhydryl 

 antagonists markedly inhibit oxygen consumption. Cytochrome pigments 

 have not been found in T. rhodesiense or T. equiperdum , but cytochrome 

 and succinic oxidase activity are present in T. rhodesiense. 



a. Monomorphic (stout forms with short free flagellum). 

 (1) SUIS SUBGROUP 

 T. suis of swine. 



