98 



THE TRICHOMONADS 



PathoRenesis : Pavlov and Dimitrov 

 (1957) found this species in the feces of 

 calves 5 days to 4 months old, all of which 

 had diarrhea. They thought that the pro- 

 tozoa were the cause of the diarrhea, bas- 

 ing their opinion on their inability to find 

 another cause and on the fact that the 

 trichomonads disappeared from the feces 

 when the diarrhea ceased. Needless to 

 say, this is not sufficient justification for 

 their view. 



Remarks : Further study is necessary 

 to be sure whether this species is valid. 

 Pending such a study, it is considered best 

 to retain it. 



Pavlov and Dimitrov (1957) named 

 this species Trichomonas bovis. This 

 name is a homonym of Tyichomonas bovis 

 Riedmiiller, 1930, which is in turn a syn- 

 onym of TritrichoHiuiias foetus (Ried- 

 miiller, 1928). Hence I am renaming it 

 Trichomonas pavlovi nom. nov. 



r. bultreyi is ovoid or ellipsoidal, 4 

 to 7 by 2 to 5 (i with a mean of about 5. 9 

 by 3.4p.. Cytoplasmic inclusions are 

 frequently present, but Hibler et al. saw 

 no cytostome. There are 4 or 3 anterior 

 flagella which vary in length from a short 

 stub to more than twice the length of the 

 body and end in a knob or spatulate struc- 

 ture. The undulating membrane runs the 

 full length of the body and has 3 to 5 un- 

 dulations. The accessory filament is 

 prominent and the costa relatively deli- 

 cate. A posterior free flagellum is pres- 

 ent. The axostyle is relatively narrow, 

 with a spatulate capitulum, and protrudes 

 3 to 6|i beyond the body. There is no 

 chromatic ring at its point of exit. A 

 pelta is present anteriorly. The nucleus 

 is frequently ovoid but varies consider- 

 ably in shape; it measures 2 to 3 by 1 to 

 2 /J, and has a small endosome. The para- 

 basal body is a disc 0. 3 to 1. 1 /i in diam- 

 eter. 



Pathogenesis: Non- pathogenic. 



TRICHOMONAS BUTTREYI 

 fflBLER, HAMMOND, CASKEY, 

 JOHNSON AND FITZGERALD, 1960 



Common Name : Small pig cecal 

 trichomonad. 



Disease: None. 



Host : Pig. 



Location : Cecum, colon, rarely 

 small intestine. 



Geographic Distribution : This spe- 

 cies has been recognized so far only in 

 North America, but presumably occurs 

 thruout the world. 



Prevalence : Hibler et al. (1960) 

 found T. biittreyi in the ceca of 25. 4% of 

 496 pigs and in the small intestine of 1% 

 of 100 pigs in Utah. 



Morphology : This species was des- 

 cribed in detail by Hibler et al. (1960) and 

 by Buttrey (1956); the latter referred to it 

 as a Paralricho>nonas-like form resem- 

 bling P. (or Trichomonas) batrachorum. 



Cultivation : According to Hibler 

 et al. , T. biittreyi grows readily on pri- 

 mary culture in standard trichomonad 

 media, but dies out on subculture; they 

 maintained it indefinitely in a cecal ex- 

 tract-serum medium provided Pseiido- 

 monas aeruginosa was present. Diamond 

 (1957) however, established it in axenic 

 culture. 



Remarks : Doran (1958) studied the 

 metabolism of this species, using Strain 

 PC-287. It could not oxidize Krebs cycle 

 intermediates, but produced carbon diox- 

 ide and other gas not absorbed by KOH 

 anaerobically. It resembled T. siiis 

 more than other trichomonads, but dif- 

 fered in carbohydrate utilization and in 

 having a generally lower respiratory 

 rate. 



TRICHOMONAS GALLINAE 

 (RIVOLTA, 1878) STABLER, 1938 



Synonyms : Cercomonas gallinae, 

 Cercomonas hepaticiim. Trichomonas 

 columbae, Trichomonas diversa, Tri- 

 chomonas halli. 



