112 



OTHER FLAGELLATES 



found it in 1. 1% of 1800 pigs in Yugosla- 

 via. 



Kessel (1924) transmitted C. mesnili 

 from man to monkeys, and Deschiens 

 (1926) from the chimpanzee to Macaca 

 siiiicci. However, Simitch el al. failed to 

 transmit C. iiiesiiili from man to 2 young 

 pigs and consequently named the pig form 

 C. sitis. 



Fig. 15. Chiloniastix. A. Trophozoite. 

 B. Cyst. X 2800 (Original) 



The trophozoites of C. mesnili are 

 asymmetrically piriform, with a spiral 

 groove running thru the middle half of the 

 body. The posterior end is drawn out 

 when the protozoa are moving. The 

 trophozoites are 6 to 24ji long and 3 to 

 10|i wide. The cytostomal cleft is about 

 6 to 8|i long and 2\i wide. A complex of 

 6 minute blepharoplasts lies anterior to 

 the nucleus; from them come the 3 free 

 anterior flagella (of which 2 are short and 

 the third is relatively long), the cytostomal 

 flagellum, and the 2 cytostomal fibrils. 

 The cysts are lemon-shaped, 6. 5 to lOfi 

 long, and contain a single nucleus and the 

 organelles of the trophozoite. 



C. mesnili is ordinarily considered 

 non- pathogenic. However, Mueller (1959) 

 suggested that it might possibly be a mild 

 pathogen occasionally. He referred to an 

 outbreak of watery diarrhea in very young 

 children in Czechoslovakia and to his own 



experience with watery diarrhea accom- 

 panied by swarms of Cliiloinaslix following 

 a visit to Mexico. This species can be 

 cultivated in the usual media used for in- 

 testinal protozoa. 



C. cuniciili da Fonseca, 1915 occurs 

 in the cecum of the domestic rabbit. It is 

 morphologically similar to C. mesnili. 

 The trophozoite is ordinarily 10 to 15pL 

 long, but may range from 3 to 20fi . 



C. ca/>rae da Fonseca, 1915 was re- 

 ported from the rumen of the goat in Bra- 

 zil. Das Gupta (1935) found it in India. It 

 is morphologically very similar to C. mes- 

 nili and is 8 to 10 ^L long and 4 to 6(1 wide. 



C. gallinarum Martin and Robertson, 

 1911 occurs in the ceca of the chicken and 

 turkey. McDowell (1953) found it in 40% 

 of a large number of chickens in Pennsyl- 

 vania. The body is pear- or carrot-shaped, 

 11 to 20 by 5 to 12/1 . The nucleus is 

 pressed against the anterior end of the 

 body. The cytostomal pouch is 8-shaped, 

 spirals toward the left on the ventral side, 

 and extends 1/2 to 2/3 of the body length. 

 Cysts are rare in cecal material but com- 

 mon in culture. They are lemon-shaped, 

 measure 7 to 9 by 4 to 6 jj. , and have a 

 single nucleus. McDowell (1953) cultiva- 

 ted C. gallinarum easily in Ringer's solu- 

 tion with 0.2% gastric mucin at 39 to 40 C. 



C. intestinalis Kuezynski, 1914 and 

 C. wenrichi Nie, 1948 occur in the cecum 

 of the gunea pig, and C. bettencoiirti da 

 Fonseca, 1915 in that of the laboratory 

 rat, domestic mouse and golden hamster. 



FAMILY CALLIMASTIGIDAE 



Members of this family have a single 

 nucleus and a compact antero-lateral group 

 of flagella which beat as a unit. There are 

 2 genera, Callimastix and Selenomonas. 



Genus CALLIMASTIX 

 Weissenberg, 1912 



The body is ovoid, with a compact 

 central or anterior nucleus. There are 



