OTHER FLAGELLATES 



113 



12 to 15 long flagella near the anterior end 

 which beat in unison. One species occurs 

 in the body cavity of copepods and the 

 others in ruminants and equids. They are 

 non- pathogenic. 



CaUi)Jiastix frontalis Braune, 1913 

 occurs in the rumen of cattle, sheep and 

 goats thruout the world. Becker and Tal- 

 bot (1927) reported it in Iowa. The body is 

 spherical or ovoid, about 12 to 14 fi in di- 

 ameter. The nucleus has a large central 

 endosome. The 12 flagella are about 30 /i 

 long; they arise from a row of basal gran- 

 ules on the anterior margin of the body 

 and join to form a single unit distally. 

 This species has been found in material 

 submitted for diagnosis of Tritrichomonas 

 foetus infections (Morgan and Hawkins, 

 1952). 



Callimastix eqiii Hsiung, 1929 occurs 

 in the cecum and colon of the horse. The 

 body is kidney- shaped with the hilus at its 

 anterior third; it is 12 to 18 ^l long and 7 

 to 10 fi wide with a mean of 14 by 8 /i . 

 Just behind the hilus is a clear, granule- 

 free area on the margin of which are 12 to 

 15 basal granules which give rise to fla- 

 gella 25 to 30 ^ long; these unite distally 

 and function as a unit. The rest of the 

 cytoplasm is filled with deeply staining 

 granules. The nucleus \s Zii in diameter 

 has a large endosome and lies near the 

 center of the body. 



Genus SEUNOMONAS 

 Von Prowazek, 1913 



The body is kidney- to crescent- 

 shaped, with blunt ends. One or more 

 flagella are attached to the middle of the 

 concave side. The flagella are thicker at 

 the base than at the free end and are 

 usually 1 to 1. 5 times as long as the body. 

 The nucleus is highly retractile and lies 

 on the concave side near the base of the 

 flagella. Reproduction is by transverse 

 binary fission thru the flagellar region. 

 This genus has been placed by many au- 

 thors in the Spirillaceae among the bac- 

 teria, but Jeynes (1955, 1956) showed 

 that it is actually a protozoon. It is not 

 pathogenic. 



Selenomonas ruminantium (Certes, 

 1889) Wenyon, 1926 (syns., Ancyromonas 

 ri())iiiiantiii»i. Seleiioniastix rioiiinantium) 

 occurs in the rumen of cattle, sheep, 

 goats and various wild ruminants including 

 the gazelle, giraffe, antelope (CepJialoplins 

 )uaxivelli) in Africa and the pronghorn an- 

 telope (A)itilocapra ainericmia), deer 

 (Odocoileus hemionus) and elk {Cervus 

 iianiiodes) in the United States (California). 

 It was also found in the blood of the African 

 antelope by Kerandel (1909), of the prong- 

 horn antelope by Chattin, Herman and 

 Kirby (1944) and of the deer (O. lieii/ioiiKs) 

 by Herman and Sayama (1951) in California. 

 According to Lessel (1957), S. rii»iinan- 

 tiiu)i is the predominant organism found on 

 microscopic examination of the rumen 

 juices. 



The body of S. ru})ii)iautii(>n is cres- 

 cent-shaped, 9. 5 to 11 by 2 to 3 li , with a 

 tuft of flagella arising from the center of 

 the concave side. The nucleus is in the 

 center of the concave side. There are no 

 cysts. This species has not been culti- 

 vated. 



Fig. 16. Selenomonas ruminantium. 

 X 2800. (Original) 



Selenomonas palpitans Simons, 1922 

 occurs in the cecum and upper part of the 

 colon of the guinea pig. 



S. spidigeua (Flugge, 1886) Dobell, 

 1932 occurs in the mouth of man. It grows 

 well in thioglycollate broth. 



FAMILY POLYMASTIGIDAE 



Members of this family have 4 anter- 

 ior flagella, an axostyle and a single 



