124 



OTHER FLAGELLATES 



the anterior end, and continued as a long 

 trailing whip. Eight to 10 large, dark 

 cytoplasmic granules were arranged along 

 this flagellum. The cytoplasm contained 

 a large contractile vacuole and many food 

 vacuoles. The nucleus was vesicular. 



Genus PLEUROMONAS Perty, 1852 



The body is somewhat amoeboid. 

 The 2 flagella often appear to emerge 

 separately from the body. The anterior 

 flagellum is very short and often rolled 

 up into a ring. The posterior flagellum 

 is very thick and more than 2 to 3 times 

 the length of the body. There is a single 

 vesicular nucleus. The cyst is spherical, 

 and 4 to 8 young individuals apparently 

 emerge from it. 



There is a single species in this 

 genus, Pleuromonas jacidans Perty, 1852, 

 which occurs in stagnant water. It is 6 to 

 lOfi long and about Sfi wide. Uribe(1921) 

 found large numbers of this protozoon in 

 the ceca of young chickens which he had 

 fed Heterakis material, and believed that 

 it could become adapted to parasitism. 



Genus PROTEROMONAS 

 Kunstler, 1883 



The body is spindle-shaped. An an- 

 terior and a free trailing flagellum arise 

 from 2 blepharoplasts at the anterior end. 

 The nucleus is anterior to the middle of 

 the body and contains scattered chromatin 

 granules but no endosome. A rhizoplast 

 runs from the blepharoplast to a centro- 

 some on the nuclear membrane. A peri- 

 rhizoplastic ring surrounds the rhizoplast 

 a short distance behind the blepharoplast; 

 this is considered a parabasal body. A 

 paranuclear body the same size as the 

 nucleus lies beside the nucleus; it divides 

 when the nucleus divides, and stains with 

 hematoxylin but not with protargol. All 

 the species are parasitic. They are com- 

 mon in the intestines of reptiles and am- 

 phibia. Synonyms of this genus are 

 Prowazekella Alexeieff, 1912 and Sc/ii2o- 

 bodo Chatton, 1917. 



Proteromonas brevifilia Alexeieff, 

 1946 occurs in the cecum of the guinea 

 pig- 



FAMILY AMPHIMONADIDAE 



Members of this family have a naked 

 or loricate body with 2 equal flagella. 

 There are several genera, mainly in fresh 

 water. 



Genus SPIROMONAS Perty, 1914 



Members of this genus have an elon- 

 gate, spirally twisted body with 2 anterior 

 flagella. They form spherical cysts in 

 which division into 4 daughter individuals 

 takes place. They live in fresh water. A 

 synonym is Alphanwnas Alexeieff. 



Spiromonas miffusta (Dujardin) Alex- 

 eieff lives in stagnant water or is copro- 

 philic. It has also been found in bull 

 sheath washings. It is spindle-shaped and 

 about lOfi long. 



SUBCLASS PHYTOMASTIGASINA 



Members of this subclass typically 

 have chromatophores and holophytic nu- 

 trition. Some are colorless but closely 

 resemble other holophytic forms and are 

 derived from them or from a common 

 ancestor. A few are coprophilic and still 

 fewer are parasitic. In each group the 

 parasitic mode of life has undoubtedly 

 arisen anew. 



ORDER CHRYSOMONADORIDA 



In this order the chromatophores, if 

 present, are yellow, brown, orange or 

 occasionally blue. The stored reserves 

 include leucosin (presumably a polysac- 

 charide) and lipids, but no starch. There 

 are five suborders in the Chrysomonador- 

 ida, but only one of them, Euchrysomon- 

 adorina, contains forms of veterinary or 

 medical interest. In this suborder the 

 flagellate stage is dominant, and neither 

 a siliceous skeleton nor a peripheral zone 



