126 



OTHER FLAGELLATES 



Noble (1956) cultivated Monas sp. in 

 bovine feces at 4" C in the refrigerator 

 for 5 months. He also (1958) found that 

 Motias sp. appeared in fecal samples from 

 Wyoming elk, bison and bear after storage 

 at 4° C for 7 to 27 days. The protozoa 

 persisted for several weeks and then died 

 out. They failed to survive in soil or in 

 soil mixed with boiled feces, nor could 

 they be found in soil samples taken from 

 areas whei-e elk, sheep or horses were 

 present. Noble concluded that this and 

 other coprophilic protozoa may require 

 certain essential metabolites produced by 

 bacteria. The form which Noble studied 

 was spherical and 4(i in diameter. He 

 assigned it to the "Moiias coiiininnis" re- 

 ported by Becker and Talbott (1927) from 

 the rumen of cattle, but the latter had 

 only a single flagellum and was Spliaeyo- 

 ntuiias co>iii)iH)iis. 



Moiias obliqua Schewiakoff has been 

 found in material from bulls submitted 

 for Trilricliomonas foetus diagnosis 

 (Morgan and Hawkins, 1952). 



ORDER EUGLENORIDA 



In this order the chromatophores, if 

 present, are green. The stored reserves 

 include lipids and paramylum. There is 

 a reservoir or "gullet" from the posterior 

 or postero-dorsal wall of which the fla- 

 gella arise. There are 3 suborders in the 

 Euglenorida, of which the Euglenorina in- 

 cludes one genus containing coprophilic 

 forms. 



nucleus is vesicular, with a large endo- 

 some. Permanent fusion followed by en- 

 cystment takes place. Nutrition is holo- 

 zoic on bacteria. 



Copromonas subtilis Dobell, 1908 

 (syn. , Copromonas ruminantium) was first 

 described from the feces of frogs and 

 toads, but has since been found in the feces 

 of man and various domestic and wild mam- 

 mals, Wenyon (1926) and Noble (1956) 

 found it in pig feces. Woodcock (1916) 

 found it in goat feces. Noble (1958) found 

 that it appeared in fecal samples from 

 Wyoming elk, bison, cattle, horses, sheep 

 and moose after storage at 4 ' C for 7 to 11 

 days. It persisted from 2. 5 months in the 

 bison samples to more than 18 to 24 months 

 in the elk and cattle samples. It failed to 

 survive in soil or in soil mixed with boiled 

 feces, nor could it be found in soil samples 

 taken from areas where elk, sheep or 

 horses were present. 



The trophozoites of C. subtilis are 7 

 to 20 (i long. They are usually ovoid, but 

 can change from spindle-shaped to almost 

 round. The flagellum is 1 to 2 times the 

 length of the body. When the animal 

 swims straight, only the tip of the flagellum 

 moves; the flagellum is sometimes used 

 like a highly flexible probe. The cysts are 

 ovoid or spherical and 7 to 8)j. long. They 

 have a thin wall and clear contents with a 

 single vesicular nucleus. 



Reichenow (1952) and Grasse' (1952) 

 considered that Copromonas subtilis is a 

 synonym of Scytomoiias piisilla Stein, 1878, 

 which was incompletely described by Stein. 



FAMILY ASTASilDAE 



Members of this family have a single 

 flagellum. They lack chromatophores or 

 a stigma. 



Genus COPROMONAS Dobell, 1908 



The body is elongate ovoid, with an 

 elongate reservoir at the anterior end into 

 which a contractile vacuole discharges. 

 The single flagellum arises from a bleph- 

 aroplast at the base of the reservoir. The 



ORDER PHYTOMONADORIDA 



In this order a single large green 

 chromatophore is typical. The stored re- 

 serves are starch and sometimes lipids. 

 No members of this order are parasites of 

 domestic animals or man, but one species 

 deserves mention. 



Polytoma uvellaEhrenberg, 1838 

 occurs in infusions and stagnant water, 

 and has been found in bull sheath washings 

 submitted for Tritrichomonas foetus 



