174 



THE TELOSPORASIDA AND THE COCCIDIA PROPER 



Geographic Distribution : 

 America. 



North 



Prevalence: 



This species is rela- 

 Christensen (1941) 



tively uncommon, 

 found it in 6 calves in Alabama, never in 

 large numbers. Hasche and Todd (1959) 

 found it in 11% of 355 cattle in Wisconsin. 



Morphology : This species has been 

 described by Christensen (1941). The 

 oocysts are 9 to 13 by 8 to 12 /i with a 

 mean of 11. by 10. 4 /J . Their length- 

 width ratio is 1 . 00 to 1.3 with a mean of 

 1.06. They are typically subspherical, 

 but vary from spherical to bluntly ellip- 

 soidal. A micropyle is absent. The 

 oocyst wall is thin, smooth, homogeneous, 

 transparent, of uniform thickness thruout, 

 and colorless to faintly yellowish. An 

 oocyst residuum and polar granule are 

 absent. The sporocysts are pale, spindle- 

 shaped, without a sporocyst residuum. 

 The sporulation time is 4 to 5 days. 



The oocysts of this species might be 

 confused with the smaller, subspherical 

 oocysts of E. ellipsoiclalis or E. ziirnii, 

 but Christensen (1941) considered that 

 they can be differentiated by their more 

 fragile appearance, their more delicate 

 wall, and by their requiring 2 days longer 

 to sporulate. 



Life Cycle : Unknown. 



Pathogenesis: Unknown. 



EIMERIA Z URN II 

 (RIVOLTA, 1878) 

 MARTIN, 1909 



Synonyms : Cytospermium zurnii, 

 Eimeria bovis (pro parte), Eimeria cana- 

 densis (pro parte). 



Hosts : Ox, zebu, water buffalo. 

 Dahlberg and Guettinger (1956) reported 

 E. zurnii in 2 white-tailed deer in Wis- 

 consin, and Salhoff (1939) reported it in a 

 roe deer in Germany. Wetzel and Enigk 

 (1936) found it in a wisent in Germany. 

 Honess and Winter (1956) recorded it from 

 the elk in Wyoming. 



Location : Cecum, colon, rectum, 

 thruout small intestine. 



Geographic Distribution : Worldwide. 



Prevalence : This is one of the com- 

 moner coccidia of cattle. Boughton (1945) 

 found it in 42% of 2492 bovine fecal sam- 

 ples in southeastern U.S. , and Hasche and 

 Todd (1959) found it in 26% of 355 cattle in 

 Wisconsin. Supperer (1952) found it in 11% 

 of 130 cattle in Austria. Yakimoff, Gousseff 

 and Rastegaieff (1932) found it in 13% of 

 126 oxen in Uzbekistan. Marchenko (1937) 

 found it in 20% of 137 cattle in the North 

 Caucasus. Yakimoff (1933) found it in 18% 

 of 41 oxen, 6% of 17 zebus and 37% of 30 

 water buffaloes in Azerbaidzhan. Tubangui 

 (1931) found it in 3 of 28 zebus and 1 of 11 

 carabaos in the Philippines. Torres and 

 Ramos (1939) found it in 38% of 156 cattle 

 in Brazil. Ruiz (1959) found it in 1% of 100 

 adult cattle in the San Jose, Costa Rica 

 abattoir. 



Morphology : The oocysts have been 

 described by Christensen (1941) among 

 others. They are 15 to 22 by 13 to 18 /i 

 with a mean of 17. 8 by 15. 6 ji . Their 

 length-width ratio is 1 . to 1 . 4 with a 

 mean of 1.14. They are spherical to 

 bluntly ellipsoidal, without a micropyle. 

 The oocyst wall is thin, homogeneous, 

 transparent, and colorless to faint greyish- 

 lavender or pale yellow. An oocyst polar 

 granule and residuum are absent. The 

 sporocysts are 9 to 12 by 6 to 7 fi according 

 to Yakimoff, Gousseff and Rastegaieff 

 (1932). A sporocyst residuum is absent. 



Complete sporulation occurs in 9 to 

 10 days at 12° C, 6 days at 15% 3 days at 

 20°, 40 hours at 25° and 23 to 24 hours at 

 30 to 32. 5° C; a few oocysts may sporulate 

 at temperatures as low as 8° C in several 

 months, but sporulation is not normal 

 above 32° C (Marquardt, Senger and Seg- 

 hetti, 1960). 



Life Cycle : The endogenous stages 

 of E. zuniii were described by Davis and 

 Bowman (1957). Schizonts are found 2 to 

 19 days after experimental infection in the 

 epithelial cells of the upper, middle and 

 lower small intestine, cecum and colon. 



