182 



THF TFLOSPORASIDA AND THF COCCrDIA PROPER 



EIMERIA FAUREI 



(MOUSSU AND MAROTEL, 1902) 



MARTIN, 1909 



Synonym : Einieria aemula. 



Hosts : Sheep, goat. Rocky Mountain 

 bighorn sheep, Ovis amnion polii, O. 

 musinion, O. orienlalis. Capra ibex, 

 Rupicapra rupicapra (chamois), Ammotra- 

 gus lervia {Barbary sheep). 



Location : Small intestine. 



Geographic Distribution : Worldwide. 



Prevalence : This species is fairly 

 common. Christensen (1938a) found it in 

 11% of 100 sheep from Idaho, Maryland, 

 New York and Wyoming. Balozet (1932) 

 found it in 21% of 63 sheep and 2% of 41 

 goats in Tunisia. Jacob (1943) found it in 

 40% of 100 sheep and 18% of 11 goats in 

 Germany. Svanbaev (1957) found it in 43% 

 of 302 sheep and 40% of 48 goats in Kozak- 

 hstan. 



Morphology : The following descrip- 

 tion is based primarily on those of Chris- 

 tensen (1938a) and Balozet (1932). The 

 oocysts are ovoid, 25 to 35 by 18 to 24|i , 

 with a mean of 28. 9 by 21. Oj^t according to 

 Christensen or 31. 5 by 22. 1 ju. according 

 to Balozet. The oocyst wall is transparent, 

 delicate salmon pink to pale yellowish 

 brown, 1 ^ thick at the most according to 

 Balozet; with a faint, yellowish-green 

 "external coat . . . about half as thick as 

 wall" according to Christensen. The mi- 

 cropyle is conspicuous, 2 to 3fi in diam- 

 eter, at the small end. A micropylar cap 

 is absent. An oocyst polar granule was 

 illustrated by Balozet (1932). Oocyst and 

 sporocyst residua are absent. The sporu- 

 lation time is 1 to 2 days according to 

 Christensen, 3 to 4 days according to 

 Balozet. 



Life Cycle : The life cycle of E. 

 faitrei does not seem to have been worked 

 out in detail. According to Lotze (1953), 

 its schizonts are about 100 (i in diameter 

 and contain thousands of merozoites. 



Pathogenesis : 

 mildly pathogenic. 



This species is only 

 Lotze (1954) found 



that single infections of 3-month-old lambs 

 with 5 million oocysts produced only a tem- 

 porary softening of the feces without signifi- 

 cantly affecting the general health or physical 

 condition of the animals, and infections with 

 50 million oocysts failed to cause death. 



Epidemiology : This species has been 

 reported not only from the domestic sheep 

 and goat but also from the Rocky Mountain 

 bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), moufflon 

 (O. am))2on), urial or shapo (O. orienlalis), 

 Barbary sheep [Amniulragus lervia), ibex 

 (Capra ibex) and chamois (Rupicapra rupi- 

 capra) (see especially Yakimoff, 1933). 

 Whether the forms from these species are 

 all E. fanrei remains to be proven by care- 

 ful study of their oocysts and cross-trans- 

 mission experiments. According to Lotze 

 (1953), no cross-transmission studies, 

 even between domestic sheep and goats, 

 had been reported up until the time of his 

 paper, and he attempted none. 



EIMERIA GILRUTHI 



(CHATTON, 1910) 



REICHENOW AND CARINI, 1937 



Synonyms : Gastrocystis gilruthi, 

 Globidimn gilruthi. 



Hosts : Sheep, goat. 



Location : Abomasum, seldom small 

 intestine. 



Geographic Distribution : Worldwide. 



Prevalence : This form is very com- 

 mon in Europe. Chatton (1910) and Triffitt 

 (1928) found it in the abomasa of almost all 

 the sheep they examined in France and Eng- 

 land, respectively. Alicata (1930) found it 

 in 9% of 78 sheep in Indiana, 11% of 101 

 sheep from West Virginia and 8% of 72 sheep 

 from Idaho. It has also been seen in Mon- 

 tana, Wyoming, Michigan (Morgan and 

 Hawkins, 1952) and Illinois. Sarwar(1951) 

 found it in 34% of the sheep and goats 

 slaughtered at the Lahore, Pakistan abattoir, 

 and found it in as many as 94% in other parts 

 of East Punjab. Soliman (1958) found it in 

 18% of 250 sheep and 28%. of 150 goats 

 slaughtered in Egypt. Soliman (1960) found 

 it in 32% of 425 sheep and 40% of 240 goats 



