THE TELOSPORASIDA AND THE COCCIDIA PROPER 



191 



Netherlands. Yakimoff e/ flZ. (1936) found 

 it in 92% of 141 pigs in Russia. Yakimoff 

 (1936) found it in 27% of 53 pigs from 

 Brazil. Novicky (1945) found it in 27% of 

 62 pigs in Venezuela. Nieschulz and 

 Ponto (1927) found it in all of about 50 

 pigs in Java. 



Morphology : The oocysts are ovoid 

 to ellipsoidal or subspherical, 13 to 29 by 



13 to 19/1. The oocyst wall is 1.0 to 

 1.5ii thick, smooth, colorless to brown- 

 ish, and composed of 2 layers. A micro- 

 pyle is absent. An oocyst polar granule 

 is absent (present according to Paichuk, 

 1953). An oocyst residuum is absent. 

 The sporocysts are ellipsoidal or ovoid, 



14 to 18 by 6 to 8|:x with a Stieda body. A 

 sporocyst residuum is present. 



The sporulation time is 6 to 9 days. 

 The sporulation process has been des- 

 cribed in detail by de Graaf (1925). 



that pigs experimentally infected with 20 

 to 30 million mixed sporulated oocysts of 

 E. debliecki and E. scabra developed a 

 profuse diarrhea lasting 2 to 15 days, 

 inappetance and did not gain weight. 

 Swanson and Kates (1940) described an 

 outbreak of coccidiosis in a litter of 4. 5 

 month old pigs in Georgia. The pigs had 

 a profuse diarrhea and gained weight 

 poorly despite ravenous appetites, excel- 

 lent rations and good care. Novicky (1945) 

 described several outbreaks of swine coc- 

 cidiosis in Venezuela. The mortality was 

 relatively low, but the young animals 

 which survived were retarded. 



Immunity : Biester and Schwarte 

 (1932) produced complete immunity in pigs 

 by feeding them oocysts daily for 100 days 

 or more. Light infections produced partial 

 immunity. As with other coccidia, adult 

 pigs are often carriers, shedding a few 

 oocysts in their feces. 



Life Cycle : De Graaf (1925) and 

 others have described the endogenous 

 stages of this species. The schizonts 

 produce 14 to 16 banana-shaped mero- 

 zoites. These are 8 to 10 |i long and 3 to 

 4. 5ju wide; one end is rounded and the 

 other pointed. The nucleus is usually in 

 the middle of the merozoites. The micro- 

 gametocytes are 7 to 22|U in diameter 

 when mature. The microgametes are 

 3. 5jLt long and 0. 6;i wide and have 2 fla- 

 gella. The macrogametes are similar to 

 those of other Eimeria species. 



Remarks : Brug (1946) found E. deb- 

 liecki as a pseudoparasite of man in Hol- 

 land. Four out of 13 persons in a psychi- 

 atric ward passed oocysts in their feces 

 on one day. They had probably been in- 

 gested with liver sausage, the casing of 

 which was made from pig intestines. 



EIMERIA PERMINUTA 

 HENRY, 1931 



Host : Pig. 



Biester and Schwarte (1932) found that 

 the prepatent period in experimentally in- 

 fected pigs was about 7 days and that 

 oocysts were present in the feces for 10 

 to 15 days in the absence of reinfection. 



Pathogenesis : E. debliecki is only 

 slightly pathogenic if at all in adult ani- 

 mals, but it may cause diarrhea and even 

 death in young pigs. Biester and Murray 

 (1929) found that young pigs fed large num- 

 bers of sporulated oocysts developed 

 severe diarrhea. They became emaciated 

 and some even died. Some had constipa- 

 tion, but dysentery was never observed. 

 The pigs which recovered usually failed to 

 do wen. Alicata and Willett (1946) found 



Location : Unknown. Oocysts found 

 in feces. 



Geographic Distribution : Worldwide. 



t* Prevalence : Yakimoff et al. (1936) 

 found this species in 18% of 141 pigs in 

 Russia. Yakimoff (1936) found it in 45% 

 of 53 pigs in Brazil. 



Morphology : This species was first 

 described by Henry (1931) from pigs in 

 California. The oocysts are ellipsoidal 

 to spherical, 11 to 16 by 10 to 13jj,. The 

 oocyst wall is rough, yellowish, and ap- 

 parently composed of a single layer. A 

 micropyle is absent. An oocyst polar 



