226 



THE TELOSPORASIDA AND THE COCCIDIA PROPER 



EIMERIA GALLOPAVONIS 

 HAWKINS, 1952 



Host : Turkey. 



Hawkins (1952) transmitted this spe- 

 cies experimentally to the Hungarian 

 partridge but not to the pheasant or bob- 

 white quail. Gill (1954) claimed to have 

 transmitted it from the turkey to the 

 chicken. 



Location : Ileum, rectum and, to a 

 lesser extent, ceca. 



Geographic Distribution : North 

 America, India. 



Prevalence : Uncommon. 



Morphology : This species was des- 

 cribed by Hawkins (1952, 1952a), who re- 

 marked that its oocysts cannot be differ- 

 entiated with any certainty from those of 

 E. meleagridis. The oocysts are ellip- 

 soidal, smooth, 22 to 33 by 15 to 19 /i 

 with a mean of 27 by 17 p., without a 

 micropyle. An oocyst polar granule is 

 present. There is no oocyst residuum. 

 The sporocysts are ovoid, with a Stieda 

 body. A sporocyst residuum is present. 

 The sporulation time is 1 day. 



Life Cycle : Hawkins (1952) des- 

 cribed the life cycle of this species. The 

 endogenous stages are found in the epithel- 

 ial cells at the tips of the villi, where they 

 lie mostly above the host cell nuclei. The 

 first generation schizonts occur in the 

 ileum and rectum. They produce approx- 

 imately 8 merozoites and a residual mass 

 3 days after infection. There are appar- 

 ently two sizes of second generation schi- 

 zonts. The smaller ones occur in the 

 rectum, ileum and rarely in the ceca. 

 They produce 10 to 12 merozoites and a 

 residual mass 4 to 5 days after infection. 

 The larger second generation schizonts 

 occur only in the rectum. They are 20 ji 

 in diameter and produce a large, unde- 

 termined number of merozoites 4 days 

 after infection. 



There are a few third generation 

 schizonts and merozoites in the rectum. 



They produce about 10 to 12 merozoites. 

 These and most of the second generation 

 merozoites develop into sexual stages. 

 These are found primarily in the rectum 

 and only occasionally in the ileum and ceca. 

 The macrogametes and microgametocytes 

 are similar to those of other turkey proto- 

 zoa. Some oocysts are passed in the feces 

 on the sixth day after infection, but most 

 appear on the seventh day. 



Pathogenesis : Little is known of the 

 pathogenicity of this species. Hawkins 

 (1952) noted marked edema, sloughing and 

 lymphocytic infiltration in the intestines, 

 but did not have sufficient material to 

 make a thoro study. 



Immunity : According to Hawkins 

 (1952), infection with E. gallopaionis pro- 

 duces a more solid immunity than that 

 elicited by £. meleagridis, E. meleagri- 

 milis or E. dispersa. 



EIMERIA ADENOEIDES 

 MOORE AND BROWN, 1951 



Host: Turkey. 



Moore and Brown (1951) were unable 

 to transmit this species to the chicken, 

 guinea fowl, ringnecked pheasant or bob- 

 white quail. Clarkson (1959a) was unable 

 to transmit it to the chicken. 



Location : The first generation schi- 

 zonts (Clarkson, 1958) occur in the neck 

 of the ceca and in the terminal inch or so 

 of the ileum, where 80% of them lie below 

 the host cell nuclei of the epithelial cells. 

 The second generation schizonts occur 

 thruout the ceca, and some are found in the 

 rectum and posterior ileum. They lie above 

 the host cell nuclei of the epithelial cells, 

 just beneath the brush border. The sexual 

 stages occur thruout the ceca, rectum and 

 posterior third of the small intestine. A 

 few are found even more anteriorly, but 

 none more than halfway to the yolk sac 

 stalk. They invade the epithelial cells of 

 the crypts and deep glands, a location which 

 distinguishes them from E. meleagridis 

 and E. gallopavonis, and also apparently 

 the epithelial cells of the villi. Clarkson 



