302 



THE PIROPLAS?vlASIDA 



parasites in stained blood smears. They 

 are often present in capillary blood when 

 they cannot be found in venous blood. 



Treatment : Trypan blue is effective 

 against B. caiiis. It is injected intraven- 

 ously, the dosage for a 35-pound dog being 

 4 to 5 ml of a 1% solution. Acriflavine has 

 also been recommended. It is injected 

 intravenously in 0.1 to 2.0% solution, the 

 dosage being 1 to 3 ml of the drug per kg 

 body weight. Acaprin is safer than acri- 

 flavine. It is injected subcutaneously in 

 0. 5% solution at the rate of 0.05 ml per 

 kg body weight. Phenamidine has given 

 excellent results. It is injected subcutan- 

 eously in 5% solution at a dosage rate of 

 10 mg per kg (i. e. , 0. 2 ml per kg); a 

 single dose is usually effective, but it 

 may be repeated the next day. 



Prevention and Control : As for 

 other Babesia infections, these depend 

 upon tick control. 



BABESIA VOCE LI 

 REICHENOW, 1937 



Synonym: Babesia major Reichenow, 



1935: 



Host : Dog. 



Location: Erythrocytes. 



Geographic Distribution : 

 Asia, North Africa. 



Southern 



Morphology : This species is some- 

 what larger than B. canis. 



Life Cycle : Similar to that of B. 

 canis. The vector is Rliipiceplialus san- 

 guineus (Shortt, 1936). Transmission 

 occurs thru the egg and stage-to-stage. 



Pathogenesis : This species is less 

 pathogenic than B. canis, but the disease 

 it causes is otherwise similar. 



Immunity : Dogs infected with this 

 species are not resistant to infection with 

 B. canis transmitted by Derniacenior, 

 which is the reason that Reichenow (1935) 

 separated the two species. Some authors. 



however, (e.g., Poisson, 1953) consider 

 them synonymous. 



Treatment : Same as for B. canis. 



BABESIA CIBSONI 

 (PATTON, 1910) 



Synonyms : Piroplasma gibsoni, 

 Aclironialicus gibsoni, Babesiella gibsoni, 

 Paltonella gibsoni, Nitltallia bauryi. 



Disease : Canine babesiosis, Lahore 

 canine fever, tick fever. 



Hosts : Dog, jackal {Canis aureus), 

 wolf, Indian wild dog {Cuon dukhensis), 

 fox. The jackal is the natural host in 

 India. 



Location : Erythrocytes. 



Geographic Distribution : India, Cey- 

 lon, parts of China, occasionally North 

 Africa. 



Morphology : This species is smaller 

 than B. canis and does not have its char- 

 acteristic paired, piriform trophozoites. 

 The trophozoites of B. gibsoni are usually 

 annular or oval and not more than 1 /'S of 

 the diameter of the host erythrocyte. 

 Occasionally, large ovoid forms half the 

 diameter of the host cell or thin, elongate 

 forms reaching almost across the cell 

 may be found. 



Life Cycle : Similar to that of B. 

 canis. The vectors in India are Haema- 

 physalis bispinosa and Rliipiceplialus 

 sanguineus. Transmission is thru the egg 

 and stage -to -stage in the former, and 

 stage-to-stage in the latter. 



Pathogenesis : This species is only 

 slightly pathogenic for its natural host, 

 the jackal, but is highly pathogenic for 

 the dog, causing marked anemia, remit- 

 tent fever, hemoglobinuria, constipation, 

 marked splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. 

 The disease usually runs a chronic course, 

 with remissions and relapses of fever, and 

 death may not occur for many months. In 

 imported dogs, however, death is said to 

 occur in 3 to 4 weeks. 



