314 



THE PIROPLASMASIDA 



usually swollen, the spleen is markedly 

 enlarged, the lungs are edematous, in- 

 farcts are often present in the kidneys, 

 and there are petechiae on the mucosa of 

 the abomasum and irregularly disseminated 

 red patches on the intestinal mucosa, par- 

 ticularly in the cecum and large intestine. 



Immunity : Animals which recover 

 from the disease are premune. There is 

 no cross-immunity between this species 

 and G. ovis. 



Diagnosis : This depends upon iden- 

 tification of the parasites in stained blood, 

 lymph node or spleen smears. In contrast 

 with G. ovis, the erythrocytic stages are 

 usually present in relatively large num- 

 bers, and Koch bodies are common in the 

 lymph nodes and spleen. Inoculation of 

 susceptible sheep or goats may also be 

 resorted to. 



Treatment : None known. 



Prevention and Control : These depend 

 upon tick control. 



GONDERIA OVIS 



(RODHAIN, 1916) LESTOQUARD, 1929 



Synonyms : Theileria ovis Rodhain, 

 1916; Babesia sergenii, Theileria recon- 

 dita, Theileria sergenti. 



Disease : Benign ovine and caprine 

 gonderiosis, benign ovine and caprine 

 theileriosis. 



Hosts : Sheep, goat. 



Location : Lymphocytes, erythrocytes. 



Geographic Distribution : Africa, 

 Europe, USSR, India, western Asia. This 

 species is much more widely distributed 

 than G. hirci. 



Morphology : The erythrocytic stages 

 resemble those of G. hirci in shape and 

 size, but are much sparser in infected 

 animals, less than 2% of the erythrocytes 

 being infected in non-splenectomized ani- 

 mals. The Koch bodies resemble those of 



G. hirci, but have been found only in the 

 lymph nodes and then only after prolonged 

 examination. 



Life Cycle : The vectors are Rhipi- 

 cephalus bursa in the USSR, North Africa 

 and Asia, andR. euerlsi in South Africa. 

 Transmission with OrnitJiodoros lahoren- 

 sis, Dermacentor silvariuii and Haeiiia- 

 physalis sulcata has been claimed in the 

 USSR (Bitukov, 1953), but this claim is 

 dubious (Neitz, 1959). 



The stages in the tick are unknown. 



Pathogenesis : This species is non- 

 pathogenic or practically so. The incuba- 

 tion period following tick transmission is 

 9 to 13 days, and the disease lasts 5 to 

 16 days. The only signs are fever, swell- 

 ing of the lymph nodes in the region of 

 tick attachment, and slight anemia. These 

 would normally be overlooked in the field. 



Immunity : Animals which have been 

 infected are premune. There is no cross- 

 immunity between G. ovis and G. hirci. 



Diagnosis : This depends upon iden- 

 tification of the parasites in stained blood 

 or lymph node smears. G. ovis is mor- 

 phologically indistinguishable from G. 

 hirci, but the small number of parasites 

 present and their lack of pathogenicity 

 may help to differentiate them. Cross- 

 immunity tests may be carried out if de- 

 sired. 



Treatment : None known. 



Prevention and Control : These de- 

 pend upon tick control. 



LITERATURE CITED 



Ahdussalam, M. 1945. Ind. J. Vet. Sci. An. Hus. 15: 



17-21. 

 Adler, S. and I. Tchernomoretz. 1940. Ann. Trop. Med. 



Parasit. 34:199-206. 

 Antipin, D. N. , V. S. Erehov, N. A. Zolotarev and V. A. 



Salyaev. 1959. Parazitologiya i invazionnye bolezni 



sel'skokhozyaistvennykh zMvotnykh. 2nd ed. Moscow. 

 Ashley, J. N. , S. S. Berg and J. M. S. Lucas. 1960. 



Nature 185:461. 

 Babes, V. 1888. C. R. Acad. Scl. 107:692-694. 



