SARCOCYSTIS, TOXOPLASMA AND RELATED PROTOZOA 



323 



of 180 garbage-fed hogs in California. 

 Jacobs, Remington and Melton (1960a) 

 found it in 44% of 50 pigs from a Baltimore 

 slaughter house. Musfeldt (1950) found it 

 in 6% of 264 swine diaphragms in British 

 Columbia. Sysoev (1955) reported it in 

 9.2% of 319,492 swine diaphragms in the 

 USSR. 



Morphology : The cysts are 0. 5 to 

 4 mm long and up to 3 mm wide. They are 

 compartmented, and their wall is striated 

 with cytophaneres. 



Remarks : This is the type species of 

 the genus. If it eventually turns out that 

 the various species reported from different 

 hosts are actually the same, then their cor- 

 rect name would be S. niiesclieriana. 



SARCOCYSTIS FUSIFORMIS 

 RAILLIET, 1897 



Synonyms : Sarcocystis blancliardi, 

 Miescheria cruzi. 



Hosts : Ox, water buffalo. 



Location : Striated and heart muscles. 



Geographic Distribution : Worldwide. 



Prevalence : This species is ex- 

 tremely common thruout the world. Wilson 

 and McDonald (1938) found it in the hearts 

 of 86% of 35 cattle in Virginia. Wang 

 (1950) found it in 75% of 48 cattle in Illin- 

 ois. Jacobs, Remington and Melton (1960a) 

 found it in 98% of 60 cattle from a Balti- 

 more slaughter house. Skibsted (1945) 

 found it in 94% of 100 cows and 18. 5% of 

 97 calves in Denmark, 



Morphology : The cysts are up to 1 

 cm or more long. They are compartmented 

 when mature. The cyst wall may be thin 

 and smooth or may contain cytophaneres. 

 The trophozoites are about 10 jj, long. 



SARCOCYSTIS TENELLA 

 RAILLIET, 1886 



Synonym: Balbiania gigantea. 



Hosts : Sheep, goat, bighorn sheep 

 (Honess, 1956). 



Location : Striated and heart muscles. 

 This species is especially common in the 

 wall of the esophagus. 



Geographic Distribution : Worldwide. 



Prevalence : This species is ex- 

 tremely common in sheep thruout the world, 

 having been reported from 50 to 100% of 

 the sheep examined (Scott, 1943; Destombes, 

 1957; Grasse', 1953). Jacobs, Remington 

 and Melton (1960a) found it in 98% of 86 

 sheep from a Baltimore slaughter house. 

 It is uncommon in goats (Reichenow, 1953). 



Morphology : The cysts are relatively 

 ellipsoidal and up to 1 cm long. The cyst 

 wall is smooth at first, acquires a layer of 

 cytophaneres as it grows, and loses them 

 again as it ages. The cysts are compart- 

 mented. The trophozoites measure 8 to 

 11 by 2 to 4 ^t. 



SARCOCYSTIS CERVI 

 DESTOMBES, 1957 



This species was described by Des- 

 tombes (1957) from an unidentified species 

 of deer in Vietnam. Honess (1956) found 

 Sarcocystis in the mule deer (Odocoileus 

 heniiomis) and elk {Cervtis canadensis) in 

 Wyoming. However, it is likely that S. 

 cervi is a synonym of S. tenella. 



SARCOCYSTIS BERTRAMI 

 DOFLEIN, 1901 



Hosts : Horse, ass. 



Location : Striated and heart muscles. 



Geographic Distribution : Worldwide. 



Prevalence : This species is ex- 

 tremely common thruout the world. 



Morphology : This species closely 

 resembles S. niiesclieriana of the pig. The 

 cysts are up to 10 mm long and are com- 

 partmented. The cyst wall has a layer of 

 cytophaneres. 



