SARCOCYSTIS, TOXOPLASMA AND RELATED PROTOZOA 



327 



105 pound dogs in Algiers were positive 

 to the complement fixation testo 



In the United States, Cole et al. (1953) 

 described an outbreak of toxoplasmosis in 

 a kennel of 104 dachshunds, in which 69 

 pups and 17 adults (of which 14 were 

 bitches) died. In another outbreak in a 

 kennel of 47 chihuahuas, 14 pups and 15 

 adults died. They also found toxoplasmo- 

 sis in 11 pet dogs, each owned by a differ- 

 ent family. Langham and Sholl (1949) re- 

 ported a case in a young fox terrier in 

 Michigan. Moulton and Linton (1953) re- 

 ported a fatal canine case in California. 

 Krause (1954) found Toxoplasma in 1 out 

 of 30 dogs by inoculating mice with brain 

 tissue. Seibold and Hoerlein (1955) re- 

 ported a case of renal toxoplasmosis 

 associated with distemper in a puppy. 



Hulland (1956) described 8 fatal cases 

 of canine toxoplasmosis in Canada. Wick- 

 ham and Came (1950) reported 3 cases in 

 Australia. Grocott (1950) reported a case 

 from the Canal Zone, Sjolte (1948) re- 

 ported the first case of canine toxoplas- 

 mosis in Denmark. Fankhauser (1950, 

 1951) found it in 6 dogs in Switzerland. 

 Kardevan and Xapp (1957) found Toxo- 

 plasma in 2 of 20 dogs in Hungary. Bonser 

 (1950) described a case of toxoplasmatal 

 intussusception in a 3-year-old bitch in 

 England. Campbell, Martin and Gordon 

 (1955) found it by histological examination 

 in 6% of 268 dogs in Glasgow, Scotland. 

 Flir (1954) described 3 cases in dogs in 

 Germany. Van den Akker, Bool and 

 Spitseshuis (1959) found it in a dog in 

 Holland. Blanc and Hintermann (1948) 

 reported it in a dog in Morocco. Orio 

 et al. (1959) found Toxoplasma in a dog in 

 Brazzaville, Middle Congo. 



Toxoplasmosis has been reported in 

 single cats by Wickham and Carne (1950) 

 in Australia, Holzworth (1954) in Massa- 

 chusetts, Jones (1955) in the U.S. and 

 Hulland (1956) in Canada. Jones, Eyles 

 and Gibson (1957) found T. gondii by 

 mouse inoculation in 24% of 140 cats in 

 Memphis, Tennessee, and in 11% of 35 

 cats in Columbia, South Carolina. They 

 reviewed the literature on isolation of 

 Toxoplasma from the cat; theirs was the 

 tenth report. Gibson and Eyles (1957) 



found T. gondii by mouse inoculation of 

 brain tissue in 20% of 35 cats from the 

 neighborhood of a house in Memphis where 

 a newborn child had died of congenital toxo- 

 plasmosis. 



Feldman and Miller (1956a) found that 

 33% of 79 cats from Massachusetts and New 

 York were positive to the dye test for Toxo- 

 plasma. Makstenieks and Verlinde (1957) 

 found that 15% of 33 cats from households 

 in the Netherlands where human toxoplas- 

 mosis existed were positive to the dye test 

 at a titer of 1:64 or above. Havlik and 

 Hubner (1959) found that 34% of 200 cats in 

 central Bohemia were positive to the dye 

 test at a titer of 1:16 or above; they iso- 

 lated Toxoplasma by mouse inoculation 

 from 2 out of 23 of the positive cats. 



The first cases of toxoplasmosis in 

 swine were reported by Farrell et al. 

 (1952) in Ohio. They found the disease in 

 8 pigs from a farm where an undiagnosed 

 disease had recurred for many years. 

 Sanger and Cole (1955) isolated T. gondii 

 from 2 newborn pigs collected aseptically 

 from the vagina as well as from the milk 

 and heart of a naturally infected sow which 

 showed no signs of disease. They also 

 isolated Toxoplasma from the milk and 

 from 3 of 4 pigs from another apparently 

 healthy, naturally infected sow. Momberg- 

 J0rgensen (1956) isolated Toxoplasma from 

 a litter of 8-day-old pigs in Norway, 6 of 

 which had died of pneumonia, enteritis, 

 hepatitis, nephritis and splenitis; he also 

 found Toxoplasma in tissue sections of 

 some 18-day-old pigs that had died of a 

 similar pneumonia. 



In a serologic survey of hog sera from 

 a slaughterhouse in New Haven, Conn. , 

 Weinman and Chandler (1956) found that 

 42% of 88 sera were positive to the dye 

 test. Most of the positive pigs were from 

 one farm where the pigs were fed uncooked 

 garbage. Feldman and Miller (1956a) 

 found that 30% of 73 pigs from the midwest 

 and New York were positive to the dye test. 

 De Roever-Bonnet (1957) found that 12% of 

 25 hogs from an Amsterdam slaughterhouse 

 were positive to the dye test at a titer above 

 1:1000. Eyles et al. (1959) found that 2% 

 of 178 pigs from Memphis, Tenn. slaugh- 

 terhouses were positive to the dye test at 



