SARCOCYSTIS, TOXOPLASMA AND RELATED PROTOZOA 



343 



In the litter of six puppies described 

 by Plowright (1952), the principal signs 

 were posterior weakness and incoordina- 

 tion, apathy, rapid tiring, some loss of 

 condition and signs of ocular involvement. 

 All died between 6 weeks and 1 5 months of 

 age. Two puppies were affected at 8 to 10 

 weeks of age in the litter described by 

 Plowright and Yeoman (1952). Both had 

 symptoms resembling those of rabies. 

 They became vicious and bit or attempted 

 to bite people. One had fits of rushing 

 wildly around, and died on the 5th day 

 with uncontrolled spasms of the limbs and 

 jaws. The other had an epileptiform fit, 

 became dull and off feed, but remained 

 quiet under mild sedation. Its retina was 

 dull and greyish, with darker "smoke- 

 wisp" foci, and the optic disc was dull and 

 ill-defined. It died 11 days after the onset. 



The principal lesions in both litters 

 were those of encephalitis or meningo- 

 encephalomyelitis and interstitial or tub- 

 ular nephritis similar to those described 

 above in rabbits and rodents. Encepha- 

 litozoon was readily seen in the lesions. 



Immunity : According to Frenkel 

 (1955), there is no cross immunity be- 

 tween Encephalitozoon and Toxoplasma. 



Diagnosis : Encephalitozoonosis is 

 generally diagnosed by finding the causa- 

 tive organisms in tissue sections. They 

 can be differentiated from Toxoplasma on 

 the basis of size, shape and differential 

 staining reactions, as described above. 



Cultivation : EncepJialitozoon has not 

 been cultivated. 



Treatment : None known. 



Prevention and Control : In the ab- 

 sence of information on its mode of trans- 

 mission, little can be said about preven- 

 tion and control. Sanitation combined with 

 elimination of affected litters, and possi- 

 bly also of their mothers, may be helpful. 



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