350 



THE CILIA TES 



B. parva, but its posterior end is some- 

 what pointed and has 4 indentations, so 

 that it looks like. a cross in cross section; 

 it measures 40 to 60 by 20 to SOji . B. 

 lanceolata Fiorentini, 1890 is lanceolate, 

 with a collar-like stricture in the anterior 

 fifth of the body; it measures 48 by 20 p.. 

 These species all occur in cattle but are 

 apparently not common, at least in the 

 United States. Becker and Talbott (1927) 

 did not find them in 26 cows they examined 

 in Iowa. 



B. nana Dogiel and B. oninivora Dogiel 

 are found in the rumen of the dromedary. 



FAMILY PYCNOTRICHIDAE 



In this holotrichasin gymnostomorid 

 family, a long groove leads to the cjrto- 

 stome, which may lie near the middle or 

 at the posterior end of the body. The body 

 is completely ciliated. This family con- 

 tains 2 genera in ruminants whose names 

 may actually be synonymous. 



Genus BUXTONELLA Jameson, 1926 



The body is ovoid and uniformly 

 ciliated, with a prominent curved groove 

 bordered by 2 ridges running from end to 

 end. The cytostome is near the anterior 

 end. 



Buxtonella sulcata Jameson, 1926 is 

 common in the cecum of the ox, zebu and 

 water buffalo. The trophozoites measure 

 60 to 138 by 46 to 100 ^ with a mean of 

 100 by'72fi , and have an oval or bean- 

 shaped macronucleus measuring 18 to 36 

 by 10 to 18 /J, with a mean of 28. 5 by 14 jj, 

 (Lubinsky, 1957). 



According to Lubinsky (1957), the 

 reports of "Balantidium" in cattle were 

 actually of B. sulcata. 



Infiindibulor ium cameli Bozhenko, 

 1925, which was described from the diar- 

 rheic stools of a camel, may be the same 

 species as B. sulcata. If so, the name 

 will have to be changed, since Infundibu- 

 lorium has priority (Lubinsky, 1957a). 



FAMILY ISOTRICHIDAE 



In this holotrichasin trichostomorid 

 family, the mouth is terminal or subtermi- 

 nal, and the pharynx is ciliated, with longi- 

 tudinal striations in its wall. Somatic 

 ciliation is complete and practically uni- 

 form. This family contains the 2 most 

 important holotrich genera of ruminants. 



Genus ISOTRICHA Stein, 1859 



The body is oval and flattened, with 

 dense, longitudinal rows of cilia. The 

 cytostome is at or near the anterior end. 

 Several contractile vacuoles are present. 

 The macronucleus is kidney-shaped; it 

 and the micronucleus are connected to each 

 other and suspended by fibrils which con- 

 stitute the karyophore. Locomotion is 

 toward the rear. 



Isolricha prostoma Stein, 1859 is the 

 most widely distributed of all the ruminant 

 ciliates. It occurs in the rumen and reti- 

 culum of cattle, sheep and goats. Becker 

 and Talbott (1927) found it in 58% of 26 

 cattle in Iowa. It measures 80 to 195 by 

 53 to 85 fi, and its cytostome is subtermi- 

 nal. 



/. intestinalis Stein, 1859 also occurs 

 in the rumen and reticulum of cattle, sheep 

 and goats. Becker and Talbott (1927) found 

 it in 19% of 26 cattle in Iowa. It measures 

 97 to 130 by 68 to 88/i , and differs from 

 I. prostoma in that its cytostome and nu- 

 cleus are more posterior. 



Genus DASYFRfCHA Schuberg, 1888 



The body is oval and flattened. The 

 cilia are in spiral, longitudinal rows. 

 There is no karyophore. 



Dasytriclm ruminantium Schuberg, 

 1888 occurs in the rumen and reticulum of 

 cattle, sheep and goats. Becker and Tal- 

 bott (1927) found it in 38% of 26 cattle in 

 Iowa. It measures 50 to 75 by 30 to 40 ja. 



