THE CILIATES 



375 



Nyclotlierns faba Schaudinn, 1899 has 

 been found in human feces on occasion 

 (Wichterman, 1938). It belongs to the 

 heterotrichorid family Plagiotomidae. Its 

 body is reniform, covered with cilia, and 

 26 to 23 (i long. The peristome begins at 

 the anterior end, turns slightly to the 

 right and ends in the cytostome at the 

 middle of the body. The cytopharynx is a 

 long tube and contains an undulating mem- 

 brane. The macronucleus is about the 

 middle of the body. It is spherical, and 

 its chromatin is arranged in 4 or 5 large, 

 solid bodies on the nuclear membrane, 

 while the remainder of the nucleus is 

 chromatin-free. 



Noble (1958) found that a Nye tot lie nis- 

 like ciliate about 15 to 30 )n long appeared 

 in fecal samples from Wyoming sheep and 

 elk after storage at 4° C for about 30 days. 

 A smaller ciliate about 10 to 12/i long 

 also appeared in the elk feces at about the 

 same time. The smaller ciliates per- 

 sisted for a few weeks and the Nyctotlienis- 

 like ones for about twice as long. 



Balaiitiopliorus iiiiimtus Schewiakoff, 

 1893 (syn. , BalaiitidiuDi niiiiiitioii Schaudinn) 

 occurs occasionally in contaminated human 

 feces (Watson, 1940, 1945, 1945a). It be- 

 ongs to the holotrichorid family Pleuro- 

 nemidae. It is ovoid, with the narrow end 

 anterior and with the anterior end bent 

 ventrad, giving the ventral surface a hol- 

 lowed appearance. It measures 12 to 54 

 by 7 to 33 in, but is usually 25 to 45/i long. 

 The peristome is in the middle of the an- 

 terior half of the body. The adoral zone 

 of membranelles on its left, posterior and 

 right borders forms a sac-like structure 

 which is conspicuous when expanded but 

 which can be retracted into the peristome 

 and become invisible. The cytopharynx is 

 funnel-shaped. The body is uniformly cov- 

 ered by 12 rows of setiform cilia, of which 

 only 6 extend anterior to the peristome. 

 The macronucleus is central and ellipsoidal. 

 There is a posterior contractile vacuole. 



The taxonomy and bionomics of these 

 and other coprophilic protozoa have been 

 reviewed by Alexeieff (1929) and Watson 

 (1946). The latter listed 51 species of 

 flagellates, 18 of amoebae and 18 of cili- 



ates which have been found in feces, 

 many of these need further study. 



but 



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