340 THE BEGINNINGS OF II FE. 



toujcurs les coiileurs blanche, jaune, aurore et brune, 

 par lesquelles les memes globules passent dans les 

 feuilles qui prennent toutes ces couleurs a Fautomne. 

 Ces globules ainsi vicie, peuvent ensuite, par contagion 

 ou par inoculation alterer de la meme maniere ceux de 

 la plante nouvelle.' Thus the mode of origin of the 

 blight seemed so indubitable to Turpin, that he was led 

 to suppose the products were mere pathological modi- 

 fications of pre-existing structures, not possessing an 

 independent life of their own. Several other celebrated 

 botanists, moreover, — amongst whom we may name 

 Fries, Endlicher, and Unger — were equally certain that 

 these and many other Entophytes are derivable from 

 morbid portions of the tissues of plants, although they 

 recognised the fact of their developing into independent 

 living organisms^. 



1 first became convinced, from personal observation, 

 that Bacteria and larger Fungus-germs may be encoun- 

 tered within the closed cells of living plants^ about 

 three years ago, during the examination of some speci- 

 mens of sugar-cane in a sickly condition which were 



^ We quote the following note from M. Pouchet (' Nouvelles Expe- 

 liences,' 1864, p. 117): — Tries, qui classe ces plantes parmi les cham- 

 pignons, les decrit ainsi : Entcphyti vegetatio milla. Sporidla ex anavior- 

 phosi telcB celhdoscB plantaruvi vivarum orta ; sub epidermide enata et per 

 banc erumpentia. Endlicher est encore plus explicite, Voici ce qu'il dit : 

 Sporidia varia e parenchymate morboso plantarum vivarum sub epidermide 

 orla, hac rupta ernmpenda, ft varie s<Epe mntata stipata. Fries, Syst. iii 

 p. 501 ; Endlicher, Genera Plantarum, p. 16.' On this subject, see also 

 Unger in ' Ann. des Sc. Nat.' vol. ii. n. s. p. 209. 



