THE BEGINNINGS OF LIFE. 135 



'proofs' that 'fungi are not developed from micro- 

 zymes ' {Bacteria)^ of course no reference is made to 

 their direct development, through Fllfrw and Lepotkrix 

 forms, into a fungus mycelium. Yet this mode of 

 development has been seen by Professor Hallier and 

 others as well as by myself. Dr. Sanderson's remarks 

 have reference to the views recently put forth by 

 Professor Huxley with regard to the relations of Bacteria 

 to Torul^^. The observations on which they were 

 founded are, however, by no means extensive enough 

 to give warrant to the belief that 'fungi are not 

 developed from microzymesj' and such a view is 

 contra-indicated by the observations of others 2. 



We agree, however, with Professor Hallier in many 

 respects. We believe with him that mere particles of 



^ 'Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Society,' Oct. 1S70. In his 

 memoir Professor Sanderson more especially lays stress upon the fact 

 that Bacteria may appear in liquids without the presence of Tortilce ; but 

 I had previously ('Modes of Origin of Lowest Organisms,' 1871, p. io\ 

 not only called attention to this fact, but to the still stronger one 

 of the occurrence of TorulcB in fluids in which not a single Bacterium 

 was to be found. Further experience has only served to strengthen my 

 opinion as to the untenability of Professor Huxley's view ; see also 

 vol. i. p. 8. 



^ Neither does Professor Sanderson's conclusion as to the probable 

 derivation of some of the TorulcB and fungi which were found in his 

 experiments seem to me satisfactory. Unless he can prove, what no one 

 else has been able to do, and what is directly opposed to much other 

 evidence — viz. that Torula germs are not destroyed by boiling water — he 

 has no sufficie .t warrant, in the face of the experiments of others, for 

 resorting to the belief that such organisms have been derived from ifi- 

 visible germs existing either in air or water (loc. cit , pp. 69 and 56). 



