OF THE PHYTOZOA. 



143 



without lorica, and of various dimensions. In both, the lorica fii'st made its 

 appearance as a smooth hyaline envelope, which grew stronger, then red, and 

 at length brown or blackish brown — becoming also in CJwnemonas still firmer, 

 and covered with asperities. Duiing this transition from a soft peripheiy into 

 a shell, two sets of intersecting lines were at times visible, which by-and-by 

 vanished. Moreover, examples of Clionemonas occurred which continued 

 smooth, and constituted the variety Ch. glabra. By using very high mag- 

 nifying powers to fully developed specimens of Trypemonas volvocina, the 

 lorica appeared to be everywhere perforated, or more probably beset with a 

 series of depressions or thinner spots. On the shell becoming very dark, the 

 green contents and the red stigma ceased nearly or quite to be visible. jS"aked 

 Chonemonads and Trypemonads are easily distinguishable from EugUnoi, 

 because theii* contractihty is so much less, and consequentlj^ their actual round 

 form so much the more permanent. All these minute naked examples are 

 doubtless produced from germs : fission was witnessed in no instance. Ordi- 

 narily the animal-Hke Chonemonas, furnished with a red eye-speck, had an 

 elliptical form prior to the construction of the shell, just hke loricated forms ; 

 yet ovate and obovate examples are also to be seen. Minute specimens are 

 poorer in endochrome, this material occurring only in one or two specks. The 

 locomotive filaments are absent at first, and after their appearance only gra- 

 dually attain the normal length. The construction of the lorica frequently 

 proceeds to completion in very small specimens, whilst large ones remain 

 naked, notwithstanding the formation of germs goes on in those where the 

 chromule is in a certain quantity. Many dead Chonemonads were encountered 

 having theii' contents either sliiivelled up or even so completely removed as 

 to leave only an empty yellowish-brown shell. 



At a subsequent page (p. 131) Perty mentions certain abnormal forms, 

 among others Cryjotomonas polymorpha, having but one instead of two fila- 

 ments, and at other times elongated into a tail-like process. 



From all the preceding accounts of Cryptomonadina there seems sufficient 

 to show that these beings are but a certain phase, the encysted state, of a 

 set of organisms which have a general resemblance to zoospores, or to simple 

 unicellular Algce. The germs mentioned by Perty accord, to all appearance, 

 with the microgonidia of other authors, and behave themselves in a similar 

 manner. Cohn observes {A. N. H. 1852, x. p. 335) — " Trachelomonas and 

 the analogous forms do not belong to the vegetable kingdom at all, but are 

 nearest alhed to the Astasisea, and appear to be loricated Euglenese, not 

 loricated Monads, as Ehrenberg assumed." AYe shall hereafter see that this 

 indefatigable naturalist leans to the behef that Eugleneae are animals ; hence 

 the idea he puts forward respecting the Trachelomonads. 



As these sheets were passing through the press, Mr. Carter's valuable 

 paper on Eudorina and Cryptoglena made its appearance {A. N. H. 1858, ii. 

 p. 237). The Cryptoglena described is supposed to be a new species, and is 

 named C. lentkularis, on account of its lenticular shape. It is compressed 

 and emarginate, and furnished with a pair of cilia. In this little being 

 Mr. Carter supposes an act of fecimdation to take place, the microgonidia 

 being supposed to represent the male, the macrogonidia the female element. 

 Among the numerous specimens met with, there was a nimiber of deciduous 

 lorica, *' some of which were split into halves which were separated, while 

 others only adhered together anteriorly, and presented a pair of ciHa attached 

 to their point of union." In several instances, the internal cell, or the con- 

 tents enclosed in their protoplasmic sac, often distended by imbibition of water 

 to three or four times the dimensions of the germ lorica, were seen escaping 

 from the separated segments of the latter, and in their globular shape and 



