OF THE PROTOZOA. CILIATA. 379 



by Siebold, without any comments on the characters and distinctions of the 

 several families, which, however, agree in general with those instituted by 

 Ehi'enberg, the most striking departure being the exclusion of Ojphryocercina 

 and Aspidiscina. 



SIEBOLD'S CLASSIFICATION OF CILIATA. 

 Class I. — INFt^SOKIA, Aiiimals moving by cilia. 

 Order 1. — Astoma, Infusoria without a mouth. 

 Fam. 1. AsTASi^A. — Gen. Amblyophis, Euglena, Chlorogonium. 

 Fam. 2. Peridinlea. — Gen. Peridinium, Grlenodinium. 

 Fam. 3. Opaline A. — Gen. Opalina. 



Order 2. — Stomatoda, Infusoria with a mouth. 

 Fam. 1. VoRTiCELLiNA. — Gen. Stentor, Triehodina, VorticeUa, Epistylis, Carchesium. 

 Fam. 2. Ophrydina. — Gen. Vaginicola, Cothm'nia. 

 Fam. 3. Enchelia. — Gen. Actinophrys, Leucophrys, Prorodon. 

 Fam. 4. Trachelina. — Ge7i. Glaucoma, Spirostomum, Trachelius, Loxodes, Chilodou, 



Phialina, Bursaria, Nassula. 

 Fam. 5. Kolpodea. — Gen. Kolpoda, Paramecium, Amphileptus. 

 Fam. 6. Oxytrichina. — Gen. Oxytricha, Stylonychia. 

 Fam. 7. Euplota. — Gen. Euplotes, Himautophorus, Chlamidodon. 



Perty is the latest writer, as far as we can discover, who has attempted a 

 classification of Infusoria, among w^hich he distinguishes, as we do, a class 

 under the name of Ciliata, having also in almost all respects similar limits, 

 except in the retention of the Actinophryina as one of the two sections he 

 makes, viz., 1, animalcules with vibratile cilia ; and 2, with non -vibrating 

 but shghtly contractile cilia, or filaments. Leaving this second section out 

 of view, the other is divided into three subsections, with the titles Spastica, 

 Monima, and Metaholica, according to the varying character of their move- 

 ments, which in the first are sudden and jerking, in the second, unvai-jing 

 and constant, and in the thii'd, associated with striking changes in the figure 

 of the body. Under these three subsections he distributes all the Ciliata into 

 families, to many of which, in departing from Ehrenberg's groupings, he has 

 given new names. He moreover describes many new genera and species. 

 Besides the Actinopliryina, we exclude also the family Cobaliiia, which is 

 equal to our family Opalinfea, and to Dujardin's Leucop>hryens. 



We shall attempt to represent this system of classification by a tabular 

 outline : — 



PERTY'S CLASSIFICATION OF CILIATA. 



A. Spastica. — Animalcules capable of contracting their bodies and their stems, when suck 



exist, in a sudden spasmodic manner, so that their Tnore or less elongated 

 figure is rendered oval or globular, and the stem coiled spirally. They 

 are the only Ciliata which live associated, and are related to Bryozoa, 

 and many to Rotatoria. 



Fatu. 1. Vaginifera. — Enclosed in a sheath, into which they can withdraw themselves. 

 Mouth with a ciliary wreath. 



Fam. 2. Vorticellina. — ^Without a sheath ; living isolately, or in arborescent polyparies ; 

 with a contractile body and evident mouth, but no intestine. Deve- 

 loped by fission, by germs, and gemmation, and by means of transi- 

 tional phases. 



Fam. 3. Ophrydina. — Numerous animalcules associated together in a solid gelatinous mass, 

 but without contractile fibres. 



Fam. 4. Urceolarina. — The Urceolariens of Dujardin, Ophrydium being excluded, and 

 Spirostomum added. 



B. Monima. — Animalcules which, although very contractile, neither undergo change of form 



nor exhibit jerking movements. 



A. General covering soft. — 1. Free forms, with a tnouth ; nutriment received solid. 

 Fam. o. BuRSARiNA, 

 Fam. 6. Paramecina.— Body covered by longitudinal rows of cilia. Mouth lateral, often 



situated in a fmn*ow, 

 Fam. 7. Holophryina. — Mouth anterior ; anus posterior. Cilia in longitudinal rows. 



