OF THE KOLPODEA. 



633 



transverse and longitudinal. Tlieii- motion is not active, the locomotive cilia 

 being few. 



Dujardin, spcaldng of this genus, says, '* Among Ehrenberg's Koliwdce, 

 which should possess a short tongue, and be ciliated only on the ventral 

 siu'face, but one species, K. CucuUus, is with certainty numbered ; the K. Ren, 

 and A'. CuculUo have been referred to the genus Zo.roc?^5, where, indeed, we still 

 leave them. However, Ehrenberg places among the Paramecia, under the 

 appellation of P. Koljyoda, some large animalcules, ciliated throughout, which 

 we regard as only more developed forms of Kolpoda CucuUus.^' 



Stein expresses himself on these views thus {Infus. p. 131) : — " Under the 

 name of Colpoda CucidlusD\\]^Y(\in has described the Paramecium (?o7poc?a,Ehr., 

 appearing either to be unacquainted with the true Colpoda, or to have looked 

 upon it as an undeveloped state of Paramecium Colpoda.^^ The distinctive 

 characters between these two animalcules and Chilodon Cucidhdus are thus laid 

 down : — All these thi'ee forms are similar in outline, Chilodon Cucidhdus and 

 Colpoda CucuUus being really in most respects imdistinguishable. Paramecium 

 Colpoda is devoid of the peculiar lip, but has, on the other hand, an expanded 

 anterior extremity (brow), lying over and above the oblique infundibulum, on 

 one side of the body, leading to the mouth. Chilodon Cucidhdus displays, by 

 the action of chemical reagents, about the middle of its ventral surface its 

 special form of pharynx or oesophagus : it is, besides, ciliated all over ; but this 

 is a criterion determinable with difficulty, particularly in young specimens. 

 In Colpoda CucuUus the mouth is quite simple, and placed in the lateral de- 

 pression ; the distribution of the cilia is always partial, chiefly limited to the 

 Up. In Paramecium Colpoda the mouth (oral aperture) hes at the bottom of 

 a deep longitudinal fold (fissui-e) on one side of the body, is boimded by two 

 very motile hps, and conducts into a short, thin, walled, cihated oesoj)hagus ; 

 the nucleus is oval, large, homogeneous, and finely granular ; and the body is 

 very evidently ciliated all over. 



KoLPODA Cucidlus (M.)(xxv. 324-327; 

 xxix. 35-47). — Turgid, slightly com- 

 pressed ; kidney-shaped. The concavity 

 in which the oral aperture is situated is 

 occupied by a process called by Ehren- 

 berg a "tongue," but which Stein has 

 shown to be a bundle of longer cilia. 

 The cilia are not distributed over the 

 whole sm-face, but limited to the convex 

 sm-face of the anterior half, auo-mentino- 



in size as they approach its elongated and 

 expanded, wide lip-like or frontal pro- 

 cess above the oral fossa, and to a ridge 

 extending downwards and baclavards 

 from that fossa. The granides in the 

 interior are frequently so numerous as 

 to render it opaque ; they also give it a 

 grey coloiu. The single contractile ve- 

 sicle is seated close to the posterior 

 extremity ; the nucleus is a circular disc 

 containing a nucleolus, and nearly cen- 

 tral in position. This animalcule has 

 not been seen to undergo fission whilst 

 in the free state ; the process, however, 

 goes on after it has encysted itself, with 

 various modifications in the residts (see 

 Part I. p. 350). Ehrenberg having 

 adopted the notion that the breaking up 



of a portion of the animalcule was an 

 act of oviposition, thought to further 

 establish it by remarking the presence 

 of numerous Monadiform beings about 

 it, which he concluded were developed 

 from the supposed ova, as the first phase 

 of futui'e Colpodcs. Such an interpreta- 

 tion has no evidence to support it, and 

 is rejected by Stein, (xxv. 324, the 

 normal form ; fig. 325 represents the 

 animalcule, as Ehrenberg conceived, de- 

 positing its ova in a net-like mass, or, 

 as others woidd interpret it, in process 

 of diffluence -, and figs. 326, 327, yoimg 

 animalcules, which resemble Trichoda 

 pyriformis.) Conmion in vegetable in- 

 fusions. 1-1800" to 1-280". 



K. (?) Ren. — Ovate, cylindrical, kid- 

 ney-shaped, and rounded at the ends. 

 In river-water. 1-288". 



K. (?) CuculUo (lSL)=Zoxodes Cueullio, 

 (Perty). — Compressed, plane, elliptical, 

 slightly sinuated anteriorly. Ehrenberg 

 remarks that neither cilia nor tongue- 

 like member was observable by him, 

 and that its generic situation is there- 

 fore uncertain. Perty, however, has 

 noticed such a process. 1-900". 



